{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T23:37:56Z","timestamp":1787614676552,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"This work was supported by the Cooperatio Program, research area Neuroscience, and by the project MH CZ \u2013 DRO VFN64165."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dementia is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with its prevalence projected to rise sharply in the coming decades. Established risk factors include advanced age, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, social isolation, and depression. Increasing evidence suggests that vaccination\u2014by preventing infections that may trigger or accelerate neurodegeneration\u2014could play a protective role against dementia, though findings remain inconsistent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically review observational evidence on the association between influenza vaccination and the risk of developing dementia, with attention to demographic, social, and health-related moderating factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review, conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines, synthesized evidence from Scopus and Web of Science. Eligible studies were observational in design, employed validated dementia diagnoses, and reported demographic, social, or health covariates. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven studies, encompassing 9,866,019 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Six of these studies reported a significant association between influenza vaccination and a reduced risk of dementia. Protective effects were particularly evident with repeated vaccinations and among individuals with chronic comorbidities. Key moderating factors included age, sex, vaccination frequency, and specific health conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current evidence suggest that influenza vaccination may confer a protective effect against dementia, especially in populations with chronic diseases who receive regular vaccinations. These results highlight the potential of influenza vaccination as a scalable, cost-effective public health measure to mitigate dementia risk and underscore the need for further high-quality longitudinal research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261420240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T05:11:11Z","timestamp":1771996271000},"page":"1057-1064","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Factors influencing the relationship between influenza vaccination and the risk of developing dementia: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5940-0504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronika","family":"Ro\u010dinov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Life Sciences, Charles University in Prague: Faculty of Humanities, Prague, Czechia"},{"name":"First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"V\u00e1cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Life Sciences, Charles University in Prague: Faculty of Humanities, Prague, Czechia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Anders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9707-7607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina Sebalo","family":"V\u0148ukov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Life Sciences, Charles University in Prague: Faculty of Humanities, Prague, Czechia"},{"name":"First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Global status report on the public health response to dementia","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global status report on the public health response to dementia. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2021, https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/342005."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Dementia https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/dementia (2025 accessed 2 December 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Prince M. World Alzheimer Report https:\/\/www.alz.co.uk\/research\/WorldAlzheimerReport2015.pdf (2015). 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","article-title":"The latest advances in the diagnosis and treatment of dementia","volume":"15","author":"Hafiz R","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hafiz R, Alajlani L, Ali A, et al. The latest advances in the diagnosis and treatment of dementia. Cureus 2023; 15: e50522.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1388-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-221231"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-221036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101534"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01741-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac484"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16489"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","volume-title":"Health disparities in quality indicators of healthcare among adults with mental illness","author":"Gierisch JM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gierisch JM, Beadles C, Shapiro A, et al. Health disparities in quality indicators of healthcare among adults with mental illness. Washington, DC: Department of Veterans Affairs (US), 2014, VA ESP Project #09-009."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","unstructured":"Wells GA Shea B O\u2019Connell D et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analysis. http:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp. (2014 accessed December 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Influenza vaccination reduces dementia risk in chronic kidney disease patients: a population-based cohort study","volume":"95","author":"Liu JC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu JC, Hsu YP, Kao PF, et al. Influenza vaccination reduces dementia risk in chronic kidney disease patients: a population-based cohort study. 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