{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T07:37:19Z","timestamp":1793691439097,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH\/NIA","award":["P30-AG066514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30-AG066514"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD\/ADRD) disproportionately affect Black and Hispanic populations in the U.S. Despite higher prevalence, they remain underrepresented in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Adequate reporting and representation are essential for understanding disease biology, risk, and treatment response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review examined U.S.-based AD\/ADRD RCTs published from 2010\u20132023 to determine: (1) whether reporting of race and ethnicity has improved, (2) whether reporting is associated with study characteristics, and (3) whether reporting corresponds to greater representation of high-risk populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched MEDLINE and Embase for RCTs of pharmacologic, nutraceutical, or procedural interventions in AD\/ADRD. Trials were eligible if conducted exclusively in the U.S. between 2010 and 2023. 5428 records were screened and 126 met inclusion criteria. Data extracted included study design, size, funding source, trial phase, and reporting of race\/ethnicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 126 trials, 35.7% did not report race or ethnicity. Among the 64.3% that did, reporting formats varied: 19% reported race and ethnicity separately, 18.3% combined them, 14.3% provided unclear classifications, and 12.7% reported only percent White. Across reporting trials, White participants comprised 71.2\u201393.3% of samples; minority representation was low. Larger, multi-site, pharmacologic, and industry-funded studies were significantly more likely to report race and ethnicity (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). No significant improvement in reporting was observed over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Race and ethnicity remain inconsistently reported in AD\/ADRD RCTs, and minority representation is low. Standardized reporting and inclusive recruitment strategies are needed to ensure equitable evidence for dementia treatment and prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261421224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T15:54:49Z","timestamp":1773244489000},"page":"1065-1071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Reporting of high-risk groups in research in U.S. dementia clinical trials: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Judith","family":"Neugroschl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4655-7097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret","family":"Sewell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeleine","family":"Dauray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"},{"name":"Present affiliation: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonah","family":"Melnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"},{"name":"Present affiliation: Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Pomerantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"},{"name":"Present affiliation: Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1694-6426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"},{"name":"Present affiliation: Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Slattery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"},{"name":"Present affiliation: Hunter College, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0278-8623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Loizos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Meuser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"},{"name":"Present affiliation: Mount Sinai Morningside\/West, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"},{"name":"Present affiliation: Ross Medical School, Miramar, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Pun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"},{"name":"Present affiliation: New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8889-2944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"US burden of Alzheimer\u2019s disease, related dementias to double by 2060","author":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2018","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention. US burden of Alzheimer\u2019s disease, related dementias to double by 2060. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2013.1353"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac317"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2021.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2021.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.13304"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f7051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2021.49"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-023-00333-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.27073"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","unstructured":"Table 6. Projected Population Distribution by Race Hispanic Origin and Selected Age Groups 2023 National Population Projections Tables: Main Series https:\/\/www.census.gov\/data\/tables\/2023\/demo\/popproj\/2023-summary-tables.html (accessed 12 Sept 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"3","author":"Moher D","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Br Med J 2009; 3: e123\u2013e130.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","unstructured":"Covidence systematic review software Veritas Health Innovation Melbourne Australia. 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National Strategy for Recruitment and Participation in Alzheimer's and Related Dementias Clinical Research. https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/research\/grants-funding\/ocr\/recruitment-strategy (2018)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877261421224","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13872877261421224","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877261421224","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T11:43:38Z","timestamp":1783943018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13872877261421224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13872877261421224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13872877261421224","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]}}}