{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T09:14:14Z","timestamp":1783415654944,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008899","name":"University of South Carolina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AARGD-22-974690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AARGD-22-974690"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008899","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several monoclonal antibodies designed to slow cognitive and functional decline in individuals with early Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been recently approved. However, a comprehensive evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of all FDA-approved neurotherapeutic agents for AD remains lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to systematically review and analyze the incremental costs and effectiveness of currently available FDA-approved neurotherapeutic agents for AD to provide consolidated evidence on their economic value.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science, adhering to the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) and PRISMA guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-three articles were included. Most studies (74%) used a Markov model. Nearly half (48%) of studies were analyzed from both healthcare system and societal perspectives. Industry-funded studies made up 43%, while 39% were funded by non-profits, and 17% received no funding. Quality-adjusted life year (QALY) was the most common effectiveness measure (91%). At a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $100,000\/QALY, all studies found memantine cost-effective, and more than half reported cost-effectiveness for donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine. Aducanumab, lecanemab, and donanemab were not cost-effective in any study. Under the WTP threshold of $150,000\/QALY, value-based prices for aducanumab, lecanemab, and donanemab were estimated below $5,960, $15,700, and $33,700, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Traditional symptom-targeting drugs were consistently cost-effective, whereas anti-amyloid therapies were not. Future independent cost-effectiveness analyses would benefit from head-to-head comparisons using real-world data and greater attention to disparities in dementia research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261430376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T12:50:18Z","timestamp":1773665418000},"page":"102-114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cost-effectiveness of traditional and novel neurotherapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7247-0077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangxiang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomo","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Kevin Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Dementia https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/dementia (accessed October 08 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"About Dementia. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/aging\/dementia\/index.html (accessed October 08 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12362"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-200110000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.40411"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1204629"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","volume-title":"World Alzheimer Report 2015","year":"2015","unstructured":"World Alzheimer Report 2015. 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