{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:44:04Z","timestamp":1791348244073,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The \u201cloneliness epidemic\u201d is a major public health concern, and its effects can be especially adverse in older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current study used longitudinal data to investigate the associations between loneliness, cognitive function and decline, and dementia risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data were derived from older adults (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095730 at the baseline) who participated in the 2008\u20132018 Health and Retirement Study (HRS). We fit cross-lagged panel as well as linear and logistic regression models, accounting for the complex design of HRS, to assess the bi- and uni-directional relationship between loneliness and cognitive function\/decline\/dementia risk, sequentially adjusting for social determinants of health, health conditions, and functional limitations. We tested for modifications by race\/ethnicity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found low support for a bidirectional association between loneliness and cognitive function. Instead, higher levels of loneliness were linked to more pronounced cognitive decline as well as a higher risk of dementia prevalence and incidence, irrespective of race\/ethnicity. Education partially attenuated the relationship, and overall functional limitations further reduced the associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings suggest that education and overall functional limitations can play an important role through several pathways, such as increasing social engagement, facilitating social support and cognitive stimulation, and thus reducing the impact of loneliness on cognitive decline and dementia risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261432202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T13:39:26Z","timestamp":1776433166000},"page":"371-384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The association between loneliness, cognition, and dementia among US older adults"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3579-1662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen J. W.","family":"Chek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University"},{"name":"Wayne State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanmin","family":"Sultana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Knauft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wassim","family":"Tarraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University"},{"name":"Wayne State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549211045425"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30142-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.12420"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20031885"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gby112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2014.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"31","article-title":"Toward a social psychology of loneliness","volume":"3","author":"Perlman D","year":"1981","unstructured":"Perlman D, Peplau LA. Toward a social psychology of loneliness. Pers Relatsh 1981; 3: 31\u201356.","journal-title":"Pers Relatsh"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-010-9210-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"375","article-title":"Loneliness: human nature and the need for social connection","volume":"166","author":"Cacioppo J","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cacioppo J, Patrick W. Loneliness: human nature and the need for social connection. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 166: 375\u2013376.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110066"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614568352"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0890117119856551"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnw154"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2015.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbad023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-220755"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617711001044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwz276"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.5337"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gls122"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13475"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720001014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264318800587"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2019.1655704"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08982643211019500"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1344044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-201370"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igae098.1891"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2022.101331"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/00703370-9937606"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/07334648221139479"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000001168"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu067"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.39.3.472"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2017.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","article-title":"Assessment of cognition using surveys and neuropsychological assessment: the health and retirement study and the aging, demographics, and memory study","volume":"66","author":"Crimmins EM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Crimmins EM, Kim JK, Langa KM, et al. Assessment of cognition using surveys and neuropsychological assessment: the health and retirement study and the aging, demographics, and memory study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2011; 66: i162\u2013i171.","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fisher GG Faul JD Weir DR et al. HRS\/AHEAD documentation report. Documentation of chronic disease measures in the heath and retirement study. https:\/\/hrs.isr.umich.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/biblio\/dr-009_0.pdf (2005).","DOI":"10.7826\/ISR-UM.06.585031.001.05.0011.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5304"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01296-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12327"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbz139"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-302755"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1075563"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70136-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-230011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.70065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4495"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000455253"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2018.09.007"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877261432202","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13872877261432202","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877261432202","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T08:21:13Z","timestamp":1783412473000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13872877261432202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13872877261432202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13872877261432202","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]}}}