{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:17:33Z","timestamp":1788394653727,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous studies assessed the relationship between caregivers\u2019 characteristics and caregiver burden. However, comprehensive evaluations of caregivers\u2019 behavioral and psychological traits remain comparatively limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the possible association between the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the burden they experience, with a focus on sex\/gender differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this multicenter cross-sectional study within the SINdem \u201cSex and Gender Differences in Dementia\u201d group, informal caregivers of non-institutionalized AD patients attending the Italian Memory Clinics were enrolled. Caregivers completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Revised Scale for Caregiver Self-Efficacy, 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, Brief COPE, 14-Item Resilience Scale, Ten-Item Big Five Inventory, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, Empathy Quotient\u2013Short, and the Caregiver Burden Inventory. Sex was considered as a binary variable (female\/male); gender-related dimensions were explored indirectly through caregivers\u2019 behavioral and psychological characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>238 caregivers and 238 AD patients were enrolled. A higher burden was associated with more daily caregiving hours, lower self-efficacy, greater impulsivity, difficulties identifying feelings, acting without awareness, a stronger tendency to judge, and higher neuroticism. Female caregiver burden was associated with attentional\/motor impulsiveness, lower mindfulness, lower resilience, and lower emotional empathy. Male caregivers showed associations with lower self-efficacy, greater reliance on emotion-focused coping, difficulties identifying feelings, lower non-judging, lower agreeableness, and reduced cognitive empathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Caregiver burden was associated with caregivers\u2019 own behavioral and psychological profiles and sex, beyond patient-related factors. These findings support the importance of integrating sex\/gender perspectives and targeted interventions into caregiver assessment and support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261435213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T12:36:19Z","timestamp":1774442179000},"page":"663-674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cognitive and behavioral determinants of burden in caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease: A focus on sex and gender. 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