{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:05:26Z","timestamp":1780391126329,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777075200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pamela B. Davis","award":["R01AG076649"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG076649"]}]},{"name":"Pamela B. Davis","award":["T35AG086098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T35AG086098"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies suggest a link between blindness, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and dementia risk, but whether this stems from AMD pathology or blindness remains unclear. This study examines the relationship between AMD and dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the association between AMD and 5-year dementia risk in non-blind patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study used TriNetX to compare non-blind patients with exudative AMD (n = 35,021) and non-exudative AMD (n\u2009=\u200996,809) to those without AMD (n\u2009=\u20091,801,879) for five-year dementia risk. Blind (n\u2009=\u200990,615) and non-blind (n\u2009=\u2009800,737) patients were compared. Cohorts were propensity-matched for confounding factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-blind AMD patients had decreased Alzheimer's disease risk, while blindness showed a strong positive association. Exudative AMD had HR of 0.84 (95% CI\u2009=\u2009[0.72, 0.97]), non-exudative AMD had HR of 0.95 (95% CI\u2009=\u2009[0.87, 1.04]), but blindness increased Alzheimer's disease risk (95% HR\u2009=\u20091.29, CI\u2009=\u2009[1.17, 1.41]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that previously reported associations between AMD and dementia may be partially mediated by visual impairment. The modest reduction in dementia risk in non-blind AMD patients may reflect differences in healthcare utilization or treatment exposure among AMD patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261438849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T13:45:46Z","timestamp":1777124746000},"page":"1014-1024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age-related macular degeneration and dementia: Association through pathogenesis or visual impairment?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0129-5109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pauline","family":"Terebuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3127-4795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7855-9515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David C.","family":"Kaelber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MetroHealth System"},{"name":"Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7113-5338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela B.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00249-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30425-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"ADI. 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