{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:00:13Z","timestamp":1790773213341,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002468","name":"Dong-A University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["n\/s"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/s"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002468","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hemoglobin levels are key indicators of health and may be associated with dementia risk. This study examined this association in a Korean population, stratified by sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the association between hemoglobin levels and the incidence of all-cause and subtype-specific dementia in a nationwide Korean cohort and to determine whether these associations differed by sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From the National Health Insurance Service\u2013National Health Screening Cohort, 316,542 adults aged \u226540 years were followed from 2004\u20132005 until 2019. Hemoglobin levels were divided into sex-specific quintiles. Dementia was defined by International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes and prescriptions for anti-dementia medications. Risks of all-cause, Alzheimer's, and vascular dementia were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to the reference group (4th quintile), both the lower and higher hemoglobin quintiles were associated with an increased all-cause dementia risk (adjusted HR 1.16 [95% CI, 1.11\u20131.22] for Q1 and 1.07 [95% CI, 1.02\u20131.13] for Q5). Alzheimer's risk rose only in the lower quintiles, while vascular dementia risk rose at both extremes. These associations were stronger in women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Abnormal hemoglobin levels, particularly in women, were linked to an increased risk of dementia. Managing hemoglobin levels and correcting anemia may help prevent dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261443702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T14:25:54Z","timestamp":1776954354000},"page":"1614-1624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The association between hemoglobin level and risk of developing dementia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2681-8524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Hee","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dong-A University College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1266-5398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeon Ji","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Data Sciences Convergence, Dong-A University Interdisciplinary Program, Busan, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0047-3102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minkook","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Data Sciences Convergence, Dong-A University Interdisciplinary Program, Busan, South Korea"},{"name":"Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5566-378X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye Ryeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dong-A University College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5707-5917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dong-A University College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2171-4400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dong-A University College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13554"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)30605-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjha.2017.11.3.132"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2017.1333599"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1683408"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fepid.2023.1095236"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160114"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-189011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"75","article-title":"Effect of higher hemoglobin levels on health-related quality of life parameters","volume":"30","author":"Gregory N","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gregory N. 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