{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T09:45:23Z","timestamp":1782812723436,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005224","name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005224","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low socioeconomic status is associated with a higher risk for a number of health conditions, including cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While the association with economic indicators has been well researched, aim of this paper was to investigate specifically the association between non-economic social deprivation and cognitive functioning later in life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants without objective cognitive impairment at baseline (n\u2009=\u200991 controls, n\u2009=\u2009106 with subjective cognitive decline) of the multicenter DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE) filled out a posthoc survey on social deprivation. Factor analysis identified four non-economic domains of social deprivation (Residential area conditions, Accessibility, Neighborhood support, Household distress). Cognition was assessed via the CERAD neuropsychological battery. Analyses were conducted using linear regression models as well as maximum-likelihood mixed-effects models adjusted for age, gender, years of education, marital status, depression, BMI, heart disease, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At the time of the survey, cognitive functioning was significantly lower among participants with high deprivation (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">b<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.21,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.037). These participants also had a faster rate of cognitive decline (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">b<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.07,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006). Analyses of the deprivation sub-scores revealed statistically significant effects only for Accessibility (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">b<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.31,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001; rate of cognitive decline\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">b<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.07,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that non-economic social deprivation, especially in terms of access to a grocery store, pharmacy, postal office, and bus stop, might be relevant for maintaining cognitive functioning in old age. Further research should explore potential mechanisms of how these environmental conditions affect brain aging and neurodegenerative processes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261449395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T04:18:37Z","timestamp":1778559517000},"page":"137-147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non-economic social deprivation and cognitive functioning later in life: Results from the DELCODE study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2919-5510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisca S.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock\/Greifswald, 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