{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T09:14:31Z","timestamp":1783415671935,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains the leading cause of dementia worldwide and continues to pose a substantial therapeutic challenge. Although recent advances in disease-modifying treatments targeting amyloid-\u03b2 pathology have generated cautious optimism, their translational impact is limited by persistent gaps in population and geographic representation within clinical trials. African populations, the most genetically diverse worldwide, remain markedly underrepresented in AD genomic and therapeutic studies. This gap limits the identification of ancestry-specific genetic risk factors and differential treatment responses and may contribute to the high attrition rates observed across AD drug development pipelines. We examine how the limited inclusion of African cohorts restricts insights into AD pathobiology and reduces the external validity of emerging therapeutic strategies. We highlight opportunities arising from the systematic integration of African population and clinical data, which have the potential to reveal novel biological mechanisms and expand the global relevance of candidate interventions. Persistent barriers, including insufficient research infrastructure and frequent substitution of African American cohorts for indigenous African populations, continue to obscure population-specific variation and hinder the development of a representative evidence base. Advancing the field will require coordinated and context-appropriate recruitment strategies, predictive modeling approaches grounded in region-specific data, and long-term investment in research capacity across the continent. A globally representative scientific framework that captures the full spectrum of human genetic heterogeneity is essential for accelerating progress in AD drug development. Integrating African population and data into clinical research will strengthen scientific rigor, enhance generalizability, and facilitate the development of globally equitable therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261452117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T02:42:16Z","timestamp":1779849736000},"page":"543-561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing global Alzheimer's disease drug outcomes by comprehensive African data integration"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1708-1161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael O.","family":"Isei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Findlay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6385-8229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oritoke M.","family":"Okeowo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0037-6038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chidozie N.","family":"Okoye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, State University of New York at Geneseo, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7859-0504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Temitope O.","family":"Sobodu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent researcher, Stoughton, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00249-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","article-title":"2025 Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures","volume":"21","author":"Alzheimer's Association","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alzheimer's Association. 2025 Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement 2025; 21: e70235.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2008-14413"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0687-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2017.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2212948"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16771-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/alzrt269"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12450"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.13239"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease drug development pipeline: 2024","volume":"10","author":"Cummings J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cummings J, Zhou Y, Lee G, et al. Alzheimer\u2019s disease drug development pipeline: 2024. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2024; 10: e12465.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (N Y)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-023-00633-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2024.111366"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.11704"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wad.0000190808.97878.b8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2017.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12433"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","article-title":"Barriers and solutions to Alzheimer\u2019s disease clinical trial participation for black Americans","volume":"9","author":"Savold J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Savold J, Cole M, Thorpe RJ. Barriers and solutions to Alzheimer\u2019s disease clinical trial participation for black Americans. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2023; 9: e12402.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (N Y)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/908915"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","unstructured":"Dementia in sub-Saharan Africa | Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International (ADI) https:\/\/www.alzint.org\/resource\/dementia-in-sub-saharan-africa\/ (accessed 14 January 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.02.020401"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12432"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00475-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14344"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","unstructured":"DAVOS Alzheimer\u2019s collaborative launches five-year plan to strengthen brain health in Africa and beyond | Davos Alzheimer\u2019s Collaborative https:\/\/www.davosalzheimerscollaborative.org\/news-press\/nature-medicine-publication (accessed 14 January 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2859-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610214000167"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007791"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12287"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20694"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2006.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01729-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70500"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.136"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","article-title":"Characterization of an African ancestry-specific protective allele of the APOE \u03b54 allele for Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk","volume":"19","author":"Wang L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang L, Vasquez ML, Nuytemans K, et al. Characterization of an African ancestry-specific protective allele of the APOE \u03b54 allele for Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19: e080287.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009977"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-020-00385-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45676-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.093308"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000489779"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-140225"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.9778"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-025-03564-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.3536"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","article-title":"Population disparities in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review of fluid and neuroimaging biomarkers","volume":"18","author":"Kpelle L","year":"2026","unstructured":"Kpelle L, Bockarie A, Antwi MH, et al. Population disparities in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review of fluid and neuroimaging biomarkers. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2026; 18: e70263.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (Amst)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddac075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13880"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-023-01245-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13378"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14538"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2018.30.240.14000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","unstructured":"President of African Academy of Neurology Calls for Urgent Unified Action to Address Lack of Trained Neurologists Throughout https:\/\/wfneurology.org\/activities\/news-events\/archived-news\/2023-10-19-wcn-2 (accessed 14 January 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","article-title":"Survey of teleneurology use by neurologists in a low-middle income country","volume":"16","author":"Yakubu AO","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yakubu AO, Nwachukwu C, Morakinyo O, et al. Survey of teleneurology use by neurologists in a low-middle income country. Cureus 2024; 16: e53430.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000001219"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.093147"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","unstructured":"NIA\u2019s Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Research Centers: Tap into four decades of resources | National Institute on Aging https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/research\/blog\/2024\/11\/nias-alzheimers-disease-research-centers-tap-four-decades-resources (accessed 14 January 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","unstructured":"NIH expands nation\u2019s Alzheimer\u2019s and related dementias research capacity https:\/\/www.alzheimers.gov\/news\/nih-expands-nations-alzheimers-and-related-dementias-research-capacity (accessed 14 January 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","unstructured":"UTSW designated as North Texas Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Research Center: Newsroom - UT Southwestern Dallas Texas https:\/\/www.utsouthwestern.edu\/newsroom\/articles\/year-2025\/sept-north-texas-adrc.html (accessed 14 January 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","unstructured":"European Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Consortium hosts autumn meeting in Geneva | Alzheimer Europe https:\/\/www.alzheimer-europe.org\/news\/european-alzheimers-disease-consortium-hosts-autumn-meeting-geneva?language_content_entity=en (accessed 14 January 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.70034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-220397"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-015-0040-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4830-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-57642021dn15-030005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.093077"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21501319241291786"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15066"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12995"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease drug development pipeline: 2025","volume":"11","author":"Cummings JL","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cummings JL, Zhou Y, Lee G, et al. Alzheimer\u2019s disease drug development pipeline: 2025. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2025; 11: e70098.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (N Y)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70315"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acac003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1477047"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-230062"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","article-title":"The African Initiative for Bioinformatics Online Training in Neurodegenerative Diseases (AI-BOND): investing in the next generation of African neuroscientists","volume":"10","author":"Fongang B","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fongang B, Ayele BA, Wadop YN, et al. The African Initiative for Bioinformatics Online Training in Neurodegenerative Diseases (AI-BOND): investing in the next generation of African neuroscientists. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2024; 10: e70002.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (N Y)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/26395916.2022.2164798"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_2","unstructured":"African Brain Data Network (ABDN) \u2013 Neuroscience Research & Training in Africa | African Brain Data Network https:\/\/africanbraindatanetwork.com\/ (accessed 14 January 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2025.1530445"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-020-00388-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_2","unstructured":"African Partnership for Chronic Disease Research (APCDR) https:\/\/www.sanger.ac.uk\/collaboration\/african-partnership-chronic-disease-research-apcdr\/ (accessed 14 January 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_2","unstructured":"Mental health research initiative grows pool of scientists https:\/\/www.universityworldnews.com\/post.php?story=20231121052940230 (accessed 14 January 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2017.0113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2018-001047"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000538623"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000002344"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_2","unstructured":"Uganda\u2019s First High-Tech Proteomics Facility to Transform Disease Detection and Biomedical Innovation Across the Region https:\/\/www.fundsbeeline.com\/news\/readnews\/Ugandas-First-High-Tech-Proteomics-Facility-to-Transform-Disease-Detection-and-Biomedical-Innovation-Across-the-Region (accessed 14 January 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-230976"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/hpp.42822"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2021.104467"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13070762"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00325-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.80488"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70559"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.090911"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040273"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.11.073"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-86"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2015.1019538"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011392115590093"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.8904"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03374.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dewb.12014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301706"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000477383"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_107_2","unstructured":"Where Profits and Lives Hang in Balance - The Washington Post https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/archive\/politics\/2000\/12\/17\/where-profits-and-lives-hang-in-balance\/90b0c003-99ed-4fed-bb22-4944c1a98443\/ (accessed 14 January 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.076232"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199203193261212"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2022.82"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6939-11-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14513"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_114_2","volume-title":"Community-based participatory research for health: advancing social and health equity. Third edition","author":"Wallerstein N","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wallerstein N, Duran B, Oetzel JG, et al. (eds). Community-based participatory research for health: advancing social and health equity. Third edition. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, A Wiley Brand, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000339039.18931.a2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_116_2","article-title":"The structure and function of research ethics committees in Africa: a case study","volume":"4","author":"Kass NE","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kass NE, Hyder AA, Ajuwon A, et al. The structure and function of research ethics committees in Africa: a case study. PLoS Med 2007; 4: e3.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2019.1574224"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_118_2","volume-title":". International ethical guidelines for health-related research involving humans. 4th edition","author":"Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, World Health Organization (eds)","year":"2016","unstructured":"Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, World Health Organization (eds). . International ethical guidelines for health-related research involving humans. 4th edition. Geneva, Switzerland: CIOMS, 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11081200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1210974"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_121_2","unstructured":"The Mobile Economy Africa 2025 - The Mobile Economy https:\/\/www.gsma.com\/solutions-and-impact\/connectivity-for-good\/mobile-economy\/africa\/ (accessed 15 January 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153612"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.20.252742"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877261452117","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13872877261452117","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877261452117","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T08:27:39Z","timestamp":1783412859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13872877261452117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"references-count":123,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13872877261452117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13872877261452117","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]}}}