{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:25:37Z","timestamp":1792614337148,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeck Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011963","name":"European Academy of Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011963","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dementia, with Alzheimer's disease as its most common underlying cause, is a major contributor to disability, dependency, and death, imposing significant societal and economic burdens across Europe. Despite its growing prevalence, cross-country cost estimates remain scarce and highly heterogeneous, limiting comparability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate country-level societal costs of dementia in Europe and to derive aggregate European cost estimates, including direct costs, indirect costs (productivity losses), and informal care costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A standardized review of dementia cost assessments conducted in Europe was performed. Heterogeneous cost-estimation approaches were harmonized using pooling and health-economic imputation techniques to address data gaps and generate country-level estimates. All cost estimates were converted to 2019 euros using Consumer Price Indices and Purchasing Power Parities (PPP). Informal care costs were analyzed separately to reflect their complexity and substantial contribution to total costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-five studies were identified. Annual societal costs of dementia in high-income European countries totaled \u20ac221.4 billion (\u20acPPP, 2019; \u20ac25,218 per patient) for 8.8 million people with dementia. Informal care and direct costs accounted for 58% and 42% of total costs, respectively. Indirect costs contributed minimally to total costs. Substantial variation in per patient costs across countries was observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dementia care imposes substantial societal burdens, largely driven by informal care. Owing to data availability, estimates were limited to high-income European countries. Future research should focus on standardizing cost assessment methods, improving informal care valuation, expanding evidence from low- and middle-income countries, and evaluating the financial impact of emerging treatments and prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261465575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T12:00:15Z","timestamp":1784030415000},"page":"628-639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The economic burden of dementia in Europe: COIN-Eu dementia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6122-4006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateo","family":"Montes-Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Division Health Economics, Department of Health Services Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa S.","family":"Welter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Boon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, 4Brain Ghent University Hospital &amp; Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio L.A.","family":"Bassetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Vienna"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4176-9196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fcnther","family":"Deuschl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Christian Albrecht University, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7968-5908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Moro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Kruse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7501-3768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Lolich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Academy of Neurology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Konti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Academy of Neurology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Arvandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, Department of Public Health and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT TIROL - University for Health Sciences and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolai","family":"M\u00fchlberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, Department of Public Health and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT TIROL - University for Health Sciences and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0304-9785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastiaan","family":"Engelborghs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Antwerp"},{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Jessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cologne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2156-4222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youssuf","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Di Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5485-0479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Filippi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4862-3031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Georges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Europe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Bougea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Siebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, Department of Public Health and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT TIROL - University for Health Sciences and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria"},{"name":"Center for Health Decision Science and Departments of Epidemiology and Health Policy &amp; 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