{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T09:21:00Z","timestamp":1788254460239,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) serves as a precursor to Alzheimer's disease, a condition characterized by initial memory impairment and driven by dysregulated brain fluid dynamics. While time-restricted eating (TRE) improves memory in MetS, the mechanistic role of brain fluid dynamics in this process remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether a 1-month early TRE (eTRE) intervention enhances memory performance by improving brain fluid dynamics in individuals with MetS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-eight men with MetS and 30 matched healthy male controls underwent MRI scans. Brain fluid dynamics was assessed using the diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index and global blood-oxygen-level-dependent-cerebrospinal fluid (gBOLD\u2013CSF) coupling. In the MetS group, metabolic risk factors, cognitive and psychological status, and memory performance were evaluated pre- and post-eTRE. Relationships between imaging indices and memory scores were examined by correlation analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At baseline, men with MetS exhibited a lower DTI-ALPS index and higher gBOLD\u2013CSF coupling than healthy controls (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). After 1-month eTRE, the DTI-ALPS index increased (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), while gBOLD\u2013CSF coupling decreased (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.027), approaching healthy control levels. Metabolic parameters and long-term memory performance also improved significantly (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Changes in DTI-ALPS were positively correlated with delayed recall (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.445,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), whereas changes in gBOLD-CSF coupling were negatively correlated (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009-0.550,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 1-month eTRE intervention improved long-term memory and brain fluid dynamics in males with MetS, providing a promising non-pharmacological strategy to counteract metabolic-driven neurodegenerative diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      National Medical Research Registration and Filing Information System (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.medicalresearch.org.cn\/\">https:\/\/www.medicalresearch.org.cn\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ), MR-61-24-042065.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261465674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T08:58:08Z","timestamp":1783501088000},"page":"115-127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["One-month early time-restricted eating enhances long-term memory by modulating brain fluid dynamics in males with metabolic syndrome: Evidence from perivascular diffusion and global blood-oxygen-level-dependent-cerebrospinal fluid coupling"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1589-1419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linshuang","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5906-9523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9225-6975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoshi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The First 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