{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T09:09:16Z","timestamp":1789463356702,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Aging","award":["R01 AG033546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG033546"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Physical exercise is widely recognized for its cognitive benefits; however, the effect of menopausal status in modulating the cognitive effects of exercise is not definitively established.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the cognitive benefits of two 6-month physical exercise programs in cognitively healthy older women across adulthood, and whether menopause status moderates these benefits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial, 93 cognitively healthy women (aged 20\u201367; 43% at post-menopause) were assigned to either aerobic exercise (AE) or stretching\/toning (ST) 4 days a week for six months. Neuropsychological assessment, cardiorespiratory exercise test, and blood draw were performed at baseline, 3-months, and 6-months. Linear mixed-effects regression models assessed whether menopausal status moderated the impact of exercise on executive functions and processing speed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventy-six participants (81.7%) completed the intervention. A time-by-group-by-menopause interaction emerged after 3 months (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.89;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) and 6 months (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.67,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.016). Post-menopausal women in the AE group showed greater improvement in executive functions compared to the ST group and pre-menopausal women. Models controlled for age, education, and baseline cognitive performance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results provide novel evidence that AE improves cognition with pronounced executive functions benefits in post-menopausal women, a population at higher risk for dementia. Since women are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease compared to men, these findings support AE as a relevant strategy to promote women's brain health. Although this is a secondary analysis, it may inform future exercise trials targeting women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261471900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T12:20:51Z","timestamp":1785586851000},"page":"906-919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Can menopausal status moderate the effects of aerobic exercise on executive functions? evidence from a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2603-6215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon","family":"Sanz Simon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA"},{"name":"Krieger Klein Alzheimer's Research Center, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Gal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Institute for Aging Research, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3177-6357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seonjoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Data Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcella D.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Schnaider Beeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Krieger Klein Alzheimer's Research Center, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Women's Health Institute, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Lauriola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Sloan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaakov","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunglin","family":"Gazes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nathan S. 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