{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:57:20Z","timestamp":1790675840260,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The apolipoprotein E (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) \u03b54 allele is the strongest known genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its prevalence and impact vary substantially across populations. No previous study has characterized\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      allele distribution among Syrian patients with AD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This investigation aimed to assess the association between\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotypes and AD risk in a Syrian cohort.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this case\u2013control study, genomic DNA was extracted from 52 clinically diagnosed AD patients and 38 cognitively healthy controls. The\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotype was determined by direct sequencing of the rs429358 and rs7412 polymorphisms defining the \u03b52, \u03b53, and \u03b54 alleles. Genotypic and allelic frequencies were compared using Fisher's exact test, and Hardy\u2013Weinberg equilibrium was assessed in the controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The \u03b53\/\u03b53 genotype was predominant in both groups (73.1% of cases, 94.7% of controls). The \u03b53\/\u03b54 genotype appeared in 23.1% of AD patients but was absent among controls (Corrected OR = 12.37, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.65\u2013233.7, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The overall \u03b54 allele frequency in patients (0.117) was significantly higher than in controls (0.000) (Corrected OR = 10.76, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.59\u2013195.7, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The \u03b52\/2, \u03b54\/4, and \u03b52\/4 genotypes were not detected in any participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study is the first to investigate the prevalence of the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u03b54 allele in Syrian patients with Alzheimer's disease. These results underscore the importance of investigating genetic architectures when assessing AD risk and call for larger, multi-center studies across the Middle East to elucidate the interplay between\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      variants and metabolic determinants of cognitive decline.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261475340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T17:45:46Z","timestamp":1786211146000},"page":"1110-1118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>APOE<\/i>\n                    \u03b54 and late-onset Alzheimer's disease in Syria: A case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2866-7742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Labbad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine"},{"name":"Damascus University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8013-7856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lama A.","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Damascus University"},{"name":"National Commission for Biotechnology (NCBT), Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8611-6949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maha","family":"Rustom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Damascus University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad Shehadeh","family":"Agha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine"},{"name":"Damascus University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000109998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2023.517"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504327"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-321913"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000271090.28148.24"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8346443"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.01.056"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mgene.2021.100867"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2018.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2013.15.157.2320"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"819","article-title":"Worldwide variation in human growth and the world distribution of APOE gene alleles","volume":"69","author":"Corbo RM","year":"1997","unstructured":"Corbo RM, Scacchi R. 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