{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:58:20Z","timestamp":1790675900953,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["BK20221201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20221201"]}]},{"name":"Wuxi Top Talent Support Program for Young and Middle-aged People of Wuxi Health Committee","award":["BJ2023040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJ2023040"]}]},{"name":"Wuxi Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Found","award":["K20241016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K20241016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prominent pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2) plaques and tau pathology. The complement cascade is closely related to AD-associated pathological processes; however, the precise mechanisms underlying its contributions remain incompletely elucidated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aim to investigate the changes in complement protein expression during AD progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study enrolled 285 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Participants were classified into biomarker-defined groups based on predefined cutoff values for A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      and phosphorylated tau (P-tau). We compared cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of complement proteins (C1q, C2, C3, C4a, C5, C6, C8b, and factor B) across these subgroups. Furthermore, we explored their associations with core AD biomarkers (A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      , P-tau, and T-tau) and clinical characteristics. Additionally, we investigated age-related changes in complement gene expression within the cerebral cortex of 3xTg mice using single-nucleus RNA sequencing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Complement protein levels in the CSF of A\u2009+\u2009subjects were significantly lower than those in A\u2212 subjects, and complement protein levels were positively correlated with A\u03b2 pathology. Complement protein levels were influenced by factors such as age, gender, body mass index,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotype, and hypertension. Compared with control mice, the complement gene C1qa in microglia was upregulated throughout the entire pathological cycle in 3xTg AD mice.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Complement proteins undergo significant changes during the pathogenesis of AD, and alterations in their levels may reflect early pathological changes in AD and warrant further investigation. Notably, our findings suggest that microglia may contribute to complement-mediated pathological processes associated with AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261475358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T17:55:17Z","timestamp":1786557317000},"page":"1119-1136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correlation analysis between complement proteins and Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8444-3672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying-Tong","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangnan University Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi-Ming","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangnan University Medical 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University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2981-3953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi-Chen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangnan University Medical Center"},{"name":"Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging 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