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Breathing disturbances, such as apnea, have also been linked to cognitive dysfunction and accelerated dementia progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We hypothesized that stroke aggravates respiratory dysfunction and cognitive impairment in Tg-2576 mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Female Tg-2576 mice (13\u201317 months old) underwent permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (pd-MCAO), with age- and sex-matched wild-type and sham-operated controls. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Barnes maze. Respiratory parameters were quantified by whole-body plethysmography. Immunofluorescence was performed to measure A\u03b2 deposition in hippocampus and cortex, astrocyte reactivity in retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) using GFAP, and LYVE1 in deep cervical lymph nodes (dCLNs). A\u03b2 levels in cerebrospinal fluid were also assessed as a readout related to clearance-associated changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with wild-type controls, Tg-2576 mice exhibited increased apnea frequency and impaired cognitive performance. Following pd-MCAO, Tg-2576 mice showed a further increase in apnea events and prolonged escape latencies in the Barnes maze. Stroke was also associated with enhanced astrocyte reactivity in the RTN, increased A\u03b2 deposition in the hippocampus and cortex, and reduced A\u03b2 levels in cerebrospinal fluid, along with decreased LYVE1-positive lymphatic area in dCLNs, suggesting compromised glymphatic\u2013lymphatic clearance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Collectively, these findings indicate that stroke worsens respiratory dysfunction, impairs A\u03b2 clearance pathways, and accelerates cognitive decline in Tg-2576 mice. Targeting post-stroke respiratory abnormalities may represent a therapeutic avenue to mitigate dementia-related comorbidity after ischemic injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261476022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:22:51Z","timestamp":1786972971000},"page":"1152-1165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of stroke on respiratory function and amyloid-\u03b2 pathology in Tg-2576 mice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8515-7861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Xing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"El Hamamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahid","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arya","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Destiny","family":"Sumani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karienn A.","family":"De Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&amp;M Naresh K. 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