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We used western blotting and immunostaining to evaluate the DNA damage response of the NPCs and neurons.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Undamaged NPCs showed increased DNA damage when co-cultured with damaged astrocytes. The astrocytic\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotype had little to no effect on the transcellular damage response. NPCs overexpressing the amyloid-\u03b2 protein precursor responded more robustly when co-cultured with damaged astrocytes. Differentiated neurons showed no significant changes in their DNA damage response to damaged astrocytes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is the first to demonstrate that astrocytic DNA damage may contribute to early stages of neuronal pathology in AD by inducing a DNA damage response in vulnerable neuronal populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261476036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T13:55:46Z","timestamp":1786456546000},"page":"1166-1181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of damaged astrocytes on DNA damage and repair in human neurons: Implications for Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1581-4763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Starr","family":"Welty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8168-2366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Bagnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fulin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Herrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur Samuel","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine"},{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13809"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.01312"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(99)00247-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm821"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"24","article-title":"Lipoproteins and lipid peroxidation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Bassett CN","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bassett CN, Montine TJ. 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