{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:57:59Z","timestamp":1790675879918,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00AG075317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00AG075317"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trauma across the lifecourse is implicated in adverse health outcomes, yet whether earlier adversity shapes vulnerability to effects of later trauma on cognitive decline, an important contributor to Alzheimer's disease, remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined the impact of adult incident traumatic experiences (ITEs) on late-life memory decline, and whether this association is modified by childhood adversity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We leveraged 2006\u20132020 data from the Health and Retirement Study, a longitudinal cohort of US adults aged \u226550 years. ITEs were self-reported stressful or life-threatening experiences in 2006\u20132012 (any versus none). Childhood adversity (any versus none) included retrospective reports of abuse, neglect, or household dysfunction before age 18. Memory was assessed biennially from 2010\u20132020 using standardized scores. Linear mixed-effects models estimated associations between ITEs and decline in memory z-score, adjusted for demographics, childhood socioeconomic status, and self-rated health. Stratified analyses examined effect modification by childhood adversity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 2971 participants, mean baseline age was 67.3 years (SD 9.2); 60% were female and 86% were White. Individuals with ITEs experienced a faster memory decline than those without ITEs (\u03b2= \u22120.014 SD units\/year, 95% CI \u22120.024, \u22120.003). Childhood adversity did not modify this association. Findings were consistent across sensitivity analyses using alternative exposure and outcome definitions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ITEs were associated with accelerated memory decline in later life, and childhood adversity did not modify this relationship. Identifying resilience factors that mitigate the cognitive effects of adult traumatic experiences may inform prevention strategies for Alzheimer's disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261476095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:23:59Z","timestamp":1786973039000},"page":"1211-1219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stress sensitization: Does childhood adversity modify trauma effects on memory?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3109-0876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gina E.","family":"Nam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leonard Davis School of Gerontology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junxian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leonard Davis School of Gerontology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Thoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay C.","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karestan C.","family":"Koenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health"},{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary J.","family":"Kunicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8299-2389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleanor","family":"Hayes-Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leonard Davis School of Gerontology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03457-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1585711"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01296-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","article-title":"Childhood adversity and late-life cognitive and brain health in a diverse cohort","volume":"21","author":"Hayes-Larson E","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hayes-Larson E, Gradwohl NM, Fong J, et al. Childhood adversity and late-life cognitive and brain health in a diverse cohort. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 21: e14388.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-072961"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22522"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"114","article-title":"The impact of psychological stress and trauma on later-life cognitive function and dementia","volume":"67","author":"Nilaweera D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nilaweera D, Freak-Poli R, Ryan J. The impact of psychological stress and trauma on later-life cognitive function and dementia. 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