{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:57:56Z","timestamp":1790675876262,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parity history influences dementia risk and cognitive aging, and recent evidence suggests it may also influence the association between physical activity and cognition in later life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine associations between total lifetime and life-stage\u2013specific physical activity and later life cognition in postmenopausal females with differing parity histories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional analysis using data from the Rancho Bernardo Study included 867 postmenopausal females with complete data, categorized into three parity groups (number of pregnancies &gt;6-months): nulliparous, 1\u20132 pregnancies, and grand-multiparous (\u22653 pregnancies). Cognitive outcomes included executive functions and memory. Physical activity was assessed using a self-report questionnaire capturing retrospective activity during adolescence, age 30, age 50, and current activity in later life. Covariates included age, education, health composite score, body mass index, and hysterectomy status. Linear models examined associations between physical activity and domain-specific later life cognitive outcomes stratified by parity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Greater total lifetime physical activity was associated with higher executive functions in nulliparous and grand-multiparous females. Moderate activity in nulliparous females and high activity in grand-multiparous females during adolescence and at age 30 were associated with higher executive functions. High physical activity at age 50 and currently was associated with higher executive functions in nulliparous females.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings suggest the relationship between self-reported physical activity and cognition was strongest in the two groups at greater risk for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease, the nulliparous and grand-multiparous groups. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms driving parity differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261477010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T18:19:52Z","timestamp":1786558792000},"page":"1370-1383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Role of previous parity in the relationship between lifetime physical activity and later life cognition: The Rancho Bernardo study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Vanja","family":"Petrovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie T.","family":"Reas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Diego"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5088-7947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raylene A.","family":"Reimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"University of Calgary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3149-5539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cindy K.","family":"Barha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"University of Calgary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Patterson C. World Alzheimer Report 2018: the state of the art of dementia research: new frontiers. London: Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International https:\/\/www.alzint.org\/u\/WorldAlzheimerReport2018.pdf (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2023.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"14","article-title":"Sex and gender differences in Alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia","volume":"35","author":"Mielke MM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mielke MM. Sex and gender differences in Alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia. Psychiatr Times 2018; 35: 14\u201317.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Times"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2016.18.4\/cepperson"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2023.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.562275"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2020.100850"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1910666116"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01520.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glac123"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-002-0142-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01671-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2007.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796020000876"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00159"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-815868-5.00024-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.864128"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.080721"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","first-page":"679","article-title":"Early menarche, nulliparity and the risk for premature and early natural menopause","volume":"32","author":"Mishra GD","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mishra GD, Pandeya N, Dobson AJ, et al. Early menarche, nulliparity and the risk for premature and early natural menopause. Hum Reprod 2017; 32: 679\u2013686.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007326"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2018-0260"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-025-03548-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44400-025-00035-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy188"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190491"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096587"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.t01-1-01430"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2017.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2011.3206"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2022.0396"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","first-page":"141","article-title":"A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community","volume":"10","author":"Godin G","year":"1985","unstructured":"Godin G, Shephard RJ. A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community. Can J Appl Sport Sci 1985; 10: 141\u2013146.","journal-title":"Can J Appl Sport Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igz038.1289"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2009.01615.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000771"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","article-title":"The nature of episodic memory decline in preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Sharma A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sharma A, Johnson ML, Thomas KR, et al. The nature of episodic memory decline in preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2025; 20: e093414.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1958.8.3.271"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6177(03)00039-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(67)90015-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-013-1301-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(73)80034-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617797003172"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.1945.9917223"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-57642015DN92000009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/ (2019 accessed 1 February 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/25152459231178728"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25152"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.230217"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbw013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-221210"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4458"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2019.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cophys.2018.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2009.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2009.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1015950108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2009.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2008.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000053441.43495.1A"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199305273282104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.77.2.154"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114723"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.09.105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32835c1742"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.123.322121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.729939"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.922367"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2017.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2011.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.05.066"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.23.13427"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-009-9157-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-101188"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.02903.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_2","article-title":"Physical activity, cognitive decline, and risk of dementia: 28 year follow-up of Whitehall II cohort study","volume":"357","author":"Sabia S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sabia S, Dugravot A, Dartigues JF, et al. Physical activity, cognitive decline, and risk of dementia: 28 year follow-up of Whitehall II cohort study. Br Med J 2017; 357: j2709.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.113738"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igaa015"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877261477010","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13872877261477010","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877261477010","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:09:34Z","timestamp":1790672974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13872877261477010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13872877261477010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13872877261477010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]}}}