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Non-pharmacological strategies are increasingly used because long-term hypnotic or antipsychotic treatment may be limited by safety concerns, but their effects on subjective and objective sleep outcomes remain uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions for improving sleep in patients with AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CINAHL through June 6, 2025, for randomized controlled trials of non-pharmacological interventions in AD. The primary outcome was the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); secondary outcomes were actigraphy-derived sleep efficiency, total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, number of awakenings, and time in bed. Standardized mean differences were pooled using fixed- or random-effects models. Subgroup, sensitivity, publication-bias, and meta-regression analyses were performed where appropriate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fourteen randomized controlled trials comprising 937 participants were included. Non-pharmacological interventions significantly reduced PSQI scores (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.46, 95% CI \u22120.70 to \u22120.21). Neuromodulation-based interventions showed potentially favorable effects on PSQI, and caregiver-delivered programs such as NITE-AD modestly reduced nocturnal awakenings. No significant effects were observed for sleep efficiency, total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, or time in bed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-pharmacological interventions may modestly improve subjective sleep quality in AD, but objective sleep benefits remain limited. Larger, multicenter trials with standardized protocols, longer follow-up, harmonized subjective and objective outcomes, and AD-related biomarker assessment are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261480066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T15:22:26Z","timestamp":1788276146000},"page":"1555-1569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non-pharmacological interventions for sleep improvement in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2666-4978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qianqian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengxia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuying","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"},{"name":"Chengdu Fourth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5215-6432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"},{"name":"Chengdu Fourth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interface and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0293977"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200115100-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","article-title":"Insomnia and risk of all-cause dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Meng M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Meng M, Shen X, Xie Y, et al. 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