{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T08:57:15Z","timestamp":1791881835067,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG074302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG074302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic inflammation has been implicated in cognitive aging and neurodegeneration; however, inflammatory biomarkers are expressed in coordinated patterns rather than as isolated markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify latent inflammatory biomarker groupings and evaluate their associations with cognitive performance among midlife and older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study included 334 participants from the Aging Research Characterizing Health Exposome via Social Drivers (ARCHES) study. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC). Plasma inflammatory biomarkers were quantified using the NuLISA\u2122 multiplex immunoassay platform. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (minimum residual extraction, oblimin rotation) identified latent inflammatory factors, retaining biomarkers with loadings \u22650.40. Factor scores were evaluated in multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, and genotype status; sensitivity analyses adjusted for socioeconomic context, medication use, BMI, lifestyle factors, and clinical diagnoses. Age-stratified and nonlinear spline analyses were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>27 of 43 biomarkers formed an eight-factor structure explaining 43% of variance. Two factors were significantly associated with cognitive performance after FDR correction. Factor 4 (CCL4, CXCL1, S100A12) and Factor 5 (IL2, IL5, IL13, IL10, CSF2) were inversely associated with PACC scores. These associations remained consistent across sensitivity analyses. Age-stratified analyses showed that several inflammatory factors were associated with cognitive performance among participants aged 45\u2013&lt;65 years, whereas no factors remained significant among participants aged \u226565 years after FDR correction. Nonlinear modeling indicated a non-linear age-cognitive performance relationship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EFA identified clusters of correlated inflammatory biomarkers associated with cognitive performance in this cohort of midlife and older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261481701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:06:45Z","timestamp":1788368805000},"page":"1758-1771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploratory factor and network analysis of 43 inflammatory plasma biomarkers and cognitive performance in Black adults"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9022-2317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramkrishna K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6514-0502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Semere","family":"Bekena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis I.B.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaylin","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3400-589X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiqi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subrata","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Essa A.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Francois","family":"Trani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA"},{"name":"National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts"},{"name":"University of Johannesburg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Afghanistan Committee, Kabul, Afghanistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7966-3509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ganesh M.","family":"Babulal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis"},{"name":"University of Johannesburg"},{"name":"Departments of Neurology and Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01486-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-025-00529-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81705-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13955"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-025-08866-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2024.0071"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23208"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","article-title":"Immune cell trafficking across the blood-brain barrier in the absence and presence of neuroinflammation","volume":"2","author":"Marchetti L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marchetti L, Engelhardt B. 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