{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T08:57:12Z","timestamp":1791881832136,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program","award":["JWZQ20240101023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JWZQ20240101023"]}]},{"name":"Youth Beijing Scholars Program","award":["043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["043"]}]},{"name":"Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2025ZD0546200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZD0546200"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82220108009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82220108009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Brain Science and Brain-like Intelligence Technology-National Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2021ZD0201800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0201800"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, implicated in cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but whether long-term TyG exposure is associated with cognitive health remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine whether cumulative TyG index is associated with cognitive performance, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and follow-up cognitive performance in two community-based cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed adults aged \u226560 years in the Beijing Disability Risk and Ageing Monitoring Study (BEAM) and \u226545 years in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Cumulative TyG was estimated from four annual measurements (2020\u20132023) in BEAM and two measurements (2012 and 2015) in CHARLS. Cognitive outcomes were assessed in 2023 and 2015, respectively. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were applied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 3857 participants were included, comprising 585 participants from BEAM (mean age 73.0\u2009\u00b1\u20095.1 years; 64.4% women) and 3272 participants from CHARLS (mean age 58.9\u2009\u00b1\u20098.8 years; 51.4% women). Higher cumulative TyG was associated with higher global cognitive scores in BEAM (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.11, 95% CI 0.02\u20130.20, p\u2009=\u20090.013) and CHARLS (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.13, 95% CI 0.05\u20130.23, p\u2009=\u20090.003). Higher cumulative TyG was also associated with lower odds of MCI (BEAM: OR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.73\u20130.98, p\u2009=\u20090.028; CHARLS: OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.86\u20130.99, p\u2009=\u20090.041). However, cumulative TyG was not associated with follow-up cognitive performance after adjustment for baseline cognition.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cumulative TyG was modestly associated with higher cognitive performance and lower odds of MCI in cross-sectional analyses, but not with follow-up cognitive performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261482078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:18:31Z","timestamp":1788452311000},"page":"1810-1822","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cross-sectional associations of cumulative triglyceride-glucose index with cognitive function and mild cognitive impairment: Evidence from two community-based cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3274-9602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lixin","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaofan","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology &amp; Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University"},{"name":"Handan Central Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhibin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology &amp; Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology &amp; Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beijing Fengtai You\u2019anmen Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yansu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Geriatric Healthcare Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7630-6960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1211-8449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University"},{"name":"Department of Neurology &amp; Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14254"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2024-102020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251361057"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-024-02353-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","volume-title":"Major Figures on the 2020 Population Census of China","author":"The Leading Group of the State Council for the Seventh National Population Census","year":"2021","unstructured":"The Leading Group of the State Council for the Seventh National Population Census. Major Figures on the 2020 Population Census of China. China Statistics Press, 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30185-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30231-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2011.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","article-title":"Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance","volume":"237","author":"DeFronzo RA","year":"1979","unstructured":"DeFronzo RA, Tobin JD, Andres R. Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance. Am J Physiol 1979; 237: E214\u2013E223.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2008.0034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0288"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.05.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2023.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1278730"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","article-title":"Triglyceride-glucose index, Alzheimer\u2019s disease plasma biomarkers, and dementia in older adults: the MIND-China study","volume":"15","author":"Tian N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tian N, Fa W, Dong Y, et al. Triglyceride-glucose index, Alzheimer\u2019s disease plasma biomarkers, and dementia in older adults: the MIND-China study. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2023; 15: e12426.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (Amst)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-020-00758-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877241284216"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.01.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-025-02575-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251360028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys203"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199907)14:7<534::AID-GPS963>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610219000693"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106251"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03059-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.1120"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"2016 Chinese guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia in adults","volume":"15","author":"Joint committee for guideline revision","year":"2018","unstructured":"Joint committee for guideline revision. 2016 Chinese guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia in adults. J Geriatr Cardiol 2018; 15: 1\u201329.","journal-title":"J Geriatr Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-073423"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2284-5667"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-67052-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-025-02754-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251336333"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21744-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-025-02838-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14556"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2024.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207923"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009436"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16344"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(01)00432-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2025.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00788"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260549"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-018-0762-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.23087"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181ffe4f6"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877261482078","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13872877261482078","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877261482078","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T08:43:42Z","timestamp":1791881022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13872877261482078"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13872877261482078"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13872877261482078","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]}}}