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Metal ions have been shown to accumulate in amyloid deposits. Moreover, multiple infections have been shown to be risk factors for the development of AD and other dementia, with vaccines playing protective roles. I will here elaborate on the likelihood that amyloid-\u03b2 is not dominantly a toxic molecule, but a protective protein fragment. A combination of chemical and biological exposures, with metals and infections playing key roles, would be essential factors in late-onset cases of AD. 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