{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T08:38:00Z","timestamp":1793090280178,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surfactant protein G (SP-G) is a recently characterized protein potentially involved in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. Its role in human neurodegenerative dementia remains unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the potential clinical relevance of CSF SP-G levels in neurodegenerative dementia (ND; including Alzheimer's disease [AD] and frontotemporal dementia [FTD]), idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), vascular dementia (VaD), and clinical controls (CTR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CSF SP-G levels were quantified in 94 individuals: 35 with ND (11 AD\u2009+\u200924 FTD), 19 with iNPH, 13 with VaD, and 27 CTR. Group differences were analyzed using ANOVA with post hoc tests. ANCOVA was performed to adjust for age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CSF SP-G levels differed significantly among groups in the primary analysis (ANOVA: F(3,90)\u2009=\u20093.862, p\u2009=\u20090.012), with higher levels in iNPH compared with ND (p\u2009=\u20090.012) and CTR (p\u2009=\u20090.026). No significant differences were observed between ND, VaD, and CTR groups. After adjustment for age, the group effect was no longer significant (F(3,89)\u2009=\u20092.253, p\u2009=\u20090.088).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first study to investigate CSF SP-G levels in neurodegenerative dementia. Our findings suggest that SP-G is more closely related to altered CSF physiology in iNPH than to neurodegenerative pathology, although the influence of age indicates that these observations should be interpreted with caution. SP-G may represent a candidate marker of CSF homeostasis and fluid dynamics. Larger, age-matched studies integrating SP-G with established CSF biomarkers and neuroimaging are needed to clarify its diagnostic and pathophysiological significance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261487596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T14:36:42Z","timestamp":1791470202000},"page":"430-438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cerebrospinal fluid surfactant protein-G in neurodegenerative dementia: A comparative study with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9513-5949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Cattaldo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratorio di Ricerche di Neurobiologia Clinica, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, VB, 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IRCCS, Laboratorio di Ricerche di Neurobiologia Clinica, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, VB, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5902-657X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Bigoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, U.O. di Neurologia e Neuroriabilitazione, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, VB, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2660-1966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corrado","family":"Azzaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, U.O. di Neurologia e Neuroriabilitazione, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, VB, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca Guglielmo","family":"Pradotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, U.O. di Neurologia e 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