{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:35:38Z","timestamp":1792787738626,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Projects","award":["2022ZD0211601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZD0211601"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82271475"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271475"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social isolation is increasingly recognized as a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment. However, the associations with Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers remain unexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the relationships between social isolation, cognition, and CSF biomarkers and how these are influenced by other factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this cross-sectional study, 957 non-demented adults from the Chinese Alzheimer's Biomarker and LifestyLE (CABLE) study (mean age: 64.19 years; 46% male) were included. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the associations of social isolation and its subdomains (social networks, marital status, and social activities) with cognition and CSF biomarkers after adjustment for age, gender, education, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u025b4 allele status. Interactive, stratified, and sensitivity analyses were further conducted.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Social isolation was significantly associated with worse cognitive performance, including lower MMSE (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      =-0.09,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PFDR<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.008) and MoCA scores (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      =-0.11,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PFDR<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.002). Social isolation was also associated with CSF amyloid pathology, including decreased A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      =-0.14,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PFDR<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.004), decreased A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>40<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      =-0.16,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PFDR<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001), and increased T-tau\/A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      ratio (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.12,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PFDR<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.016) levels. Specifically, smaller social networks were correlated with poorer cognition and decreased CSF A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      and A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>40<\/jats:sub>\n                      levels, while being without a spouse was associated with decreased CSF A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      and A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>40<\/jats:sub>\n                      levels and increased P-tau\/A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      and T-tau\/A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      ratios. Associations were primarily observed among males and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u03b54 non-carriers in subgroup analyses. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of our findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social isolation, particularly smaller social networks and being without a spouse, is associated with worse cognitive performance and early CSF amyloid-related biomarkers levels in non-demented adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261489152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:08:01Z","timestamp":1790604481000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations of social isolation and its subdomains with cognition and cerebrospinal fluid amyloid pathologies in non-demented adults: The CABLE study"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0012-608X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shi-Yin","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Li","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong-Yao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0986-1568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan-Dan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Dong","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Municipal Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Chang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1919-8902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Municipal Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8759-7588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.3543"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70169-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00065-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","article-title":"Multi-domain prognostic models used in middle-aged adults without known cognitive impairment for predicting subsequent dementia","volume":"2023","author":"Mohanannair Geethadevi G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mohanannair Geethadevi G, Quinn TJ, George J, et al. 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