{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T08:24:51Z","timestamp":1794299091500,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Women's Brain Initiative - Brigham and Women's Hospital","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04b6nzv94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Mars Edge","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"Pfizer Consumer Healthcare","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multivitamin-multimineral (MVM) supplements and cocoa flavanols may delay cognitive aging, but underlying pathways remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined the effect of MVM or cocoa extract (CE) supplementation on 2-year changes in three blood-based neurodegenerative biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) was a 2\u2009\u00d7\u20092 factorial trial of a MVM (Centrum Silver) and\/or CE supplement (containing 500\u2005mg\/d, including 80\u2005mg (\u2013)-epicatechin) among older US adults free of major cardiovascular disease and recently diagnosed cancer. The primary outcomes of this ancillary study were the 2-year change in neurofilament light chain (NfL), N-terminal tau fragment (NT1), and oligomeric amyloid-\u03b2 (oA\u03b2) levels. We examined the effect of each intervention on each biomarker in separate general linear models of response profiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 506 individuals with available NT1 or NfL levels and 498 individuals with oA\u03b2 levels. We observed no significant difference between the changes over time in either NT1 (mean difference in yearly percentage change=3.7%; 95% CI: \u22123% to 10.8%; p\u2009=\u20090.29), NfL (3.1%; 95% CI: \u22121.9% to 8.3%; p\u2009=\u20090.23), or oA\u03b2 (\u22128.9%; 95% CI: \u221223.9% to 9%; p\u2009=\u20090.31) for those randomized to MVM versus placebo. We observed no significant differences between changes over time for those randomized to CE versus placebo for NT1 (\u22120.7%; 95% CI: \u22127.1% to 6.1%; p\u2009=\u20090.83), NfL (0.5%; 95% CI: \u22124.4% to 5.6%; p\u2009=\u20090.85), or oA\u03b2 (\u22125.9%; 95% CI: \u221221.4% to 12.6%; p\u2009=\u20090.51).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Daily supplementation with MVM or CE compared to placebo did not affect two-year changes in NfL, NT1, and oA\u03b2.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>Clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>: COSMOS (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02422745)<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261489739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:11:16Z","timestamp":1790165476000},"page":"726-736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of a multivitamin and cocoa flavanol extract on changes in neurofilament light, N-terminal tau fragment, and oligomeric amyloid-\u03b2 levels in COSMOS-clinic"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3543-045X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela M.","family":"Rist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rikuta","family":"Hamaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirah K.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi Ran","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth L.","family":"Ostaszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis J.","family":"Selkoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard D.","family":"Sesso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. 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