{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:55:06Z","timestamp":1792155306100,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2025QC303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2025QC303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Aerobic exercise (AE) may improve learning and memory function and modulate neuroinflammation in AD animal models, although evidence remains inconsistent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effects of AE on learning and memory function and hippocampal inflammatory cytokines in AD animal models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA statement. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, and included 19 animal studies. We used random-effects models to calculate standardized mean differences (SMD). We conducted subgroup analyses by AD modeling methods, exercise modality, AD pathological stage, and intervention duration. We also evaluated oxidative stress-related markers reported in the included studies as supplementary outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AE significantly improved spatial memory (platform crossings, SMD\u2009=\u20091.82), spatial learning (escape latency, SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.48), and recognition memory (novel object recognition, SMD\u2009=\u20092.80). AE reduced hippocampal interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) levels (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22123.17); AE showed a trend toward reducing tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) levels, but the effect did not reach statistical significance (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.20, 95% CI: \u22122.44 to 0.04). Supplementary analyses showed that AE increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (SMD\u2009=\u20092.05) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22123.20). Moderate-to-high heterogeneity was observed across studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AE improves learning and memory function and modulates hippocampal inflammation in AD animal models, particularly IL-1\u03b2. Supplementary analyses suggest potential benefits for oxidative stress, with increased SOD and reduced MDA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261496469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:52:58Z","timestamp":1791910378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of aerobic exercise on learning and memory function and inflammatory markers in animal models of Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2858-7186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rumeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5338-957X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuan","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2989-4532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanfeng","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1402-5818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangli","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13809"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00038-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-10-03606.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12683"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877241307337"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24020950"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-025-02961-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70195-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-021-00978-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-57080-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-71420-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2025.111263"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-04853-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2024.75"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.1077732"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2021.111502"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000125719.25853.20"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. 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