{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T12:01:41Z","timestamp":1759838501310,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scand J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Aim: The aim of this study is to review the epidemiological literature from the past 27 years on social inequality in fetal and perinatal mortality in the Nordic countries in order to examine whether social inequalities in fetal and perinatal mortality exist, and whether there are differences between the countries. Methods: The databases MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for Nordic epidemiological studies published between January 1980 and August 2007 about the association between social indicators and the outcomes spontaneous abortion, stillbirth or perinatal mortality. Thirty-five studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were identified for this review. Results: Social differences in stillbirth and perinatal mortality were found in all of the identified Finnish and Norwegian studies and in the majority of studies from Denmark, whereas in the Swedish studies the findings were less consistent. As only a small number of studies on spontaneous abortion were identified (n=3), no conclusions were drawn with regard to this outcome. Conclusions: There seems to be a reasonable body of evidence that social inequality in stillbirth and perinatal mortality exists in Norway, Finland and Denmark, whereas the conclusions regarding Sweden are more uncertain. A number of methodological problems complicate the comparison of the findings. Nordic collaborative analyses of social gradients in spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and perinatal mortality, which take these methodological concerns into account, are needed in order to draw inferences across countries. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494808089653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,18]],"date-time":"2008-08-18T14:45:25Z","timestamp":1219070725000},"page":"635-649","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Social inequality in fetal and perinatal mortality in the                 Nordic countries"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Tina","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark,                         Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laust H.","family":"Mortensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark,                         Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Nybo Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark,                         Denmark, , Division of Epidemiology,                         University of Southern Denmark, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Perinatal statistics in the Nordic countries. Stakes 28\/2005. 1-11-2005","author":"Gissler M.","key":"atypb1"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14034940410029450"},{"volume-title":"Measuring socioeconomic inequalities in health. 416","year":"1994","author":"Kunst AE","key":"atypb3"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/11.3.245"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70568-5"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/9.2.149"},{"key":"atypb7","unstructured":"Notkola V.                 ,                      Savela S. Infant mortality and still births. In:                      Valkonen T                 ,                      Martelin T                 ,                      Rimpel\u00e4 A                 ,                      Notkola V                 ,                      Savela S                 , editors. Socio-economic mortality differences in Finland 1981-                 90.                      Helsinki                 , Finland:                      Finnish Official Statistics; 1993. 17-19."},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/21.4.720"},{"volume-title":"Socioeconomic differences in stillbirths and infant mortality in Finland 1976-82. 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F\u00f8dsler og sociale forhold. Sociale risikofaktorer for lav                     f\u00f8dselsv\u00e6gt d\u00f8df\u00f8dsel og                     sp\u00e6dbarnsd\u00f8d; 1991-92 og udviklingen; forhold til 1982-                     83. [Births and social factors. A register-based study. Social risk factors of                     low birth weight, stillbirth and infant mortality in 1991-92 compared to                     1982-83]. 7-68.                         K\u00f8benhavn, Dansk                         Institut for Klinisk Epidemiologi;             1999."},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/140349499445329"},{"key":"atypb26","unstructured":"Wohlert M. 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