{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:36:01Z","timestamp":1777937761167,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]],"date-time":"2017-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["220893"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220893"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Aims: The primary aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of domestic violence (DV) and its associated factors among pregnant women in Nepal. The secondary aims were to investigate disclosure of DV by women to health-care personnel and to assess whether health-care personnel had asked women about their experience of DV. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 2004 pregnant women between 12 and 28 weeks of gestation attending routine antenatal care at two hospitals in Nepal from August 2014 to November 2015. In this study, DV was defined as fear of a family member and\/or an experience of physical, emotional or sexual violence. Associated risk factors were analysed using logistic regression analyses. Results: Twenty-one per cent of the women had experienced DV; 12.5% experienced fear only, 3.6% violence only and 4.9% experienced both violence and fear. Less than 2% per cent reported physical violence during pregnancy. This study found that just 17.7% had ever been asked by health-care personnel about DV, and of the women who had reported DV, only 9.5% had disclosed their experience to health-care personnel. Women of young age and low socio-economic status were more likely to have experienced DV. Women who reported having their own income and the autonomy to use it were at significantly lower risk of DV compared to women with no income. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of women reported having experienced DV. Victims had rarely disclosed their experience of DV to health-care personnel. This study underlines the importance of integrating systematic assessment of DV in antenatal care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494817723195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]],"date-time":"2017-08-10T08:20:40Z","timestamp":1502353240000},"page":"785-793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Prevalence and associated factors of domestic violence among pregnant women           attending routine antenatal care in Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Poonam","family":"Rishal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing,\r          Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology\r          (NTNU), Norway"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu\r          Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunta Devi","family":"Pun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing,\r          Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology\r          (NTNU), Norway"},{"name":"Kathmandu University School of Medical\r          Sciences, Kathmandu University, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Darj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing,\r          Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology\r          (NTNU), Norway"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,\r          St. Olav\u2019s Hospital, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health,\r          Uppsala University, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunil Kumar","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu\r          Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan H\u00e5kon","family":"Bj\u00f8rngaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing,\r          Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology\r          (NTNU), Norway"},{"name":"Forensic Department and Research Centre\r          Br\u00f6set, St. Olav\u2019s University Hospital, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Swahnberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Caring Sciences,\r          Faculty of Health and Life Science, Linnaeus University, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Berit","family":"Schei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing,\r          Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology\r          (NTNU), Norway"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,\r          St. Olav\u2019s Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Lukasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and\r          Akershus University College, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Health and Social Sciences,\r          University College of Southeast Norway, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the ADVANCE Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Berit","family":"Schei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan H\u00e5kon","family":"Bj\u00f8rngaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Darj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Infanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raghnild","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Lukasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Swahnberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacquelyn C.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunil Kumar","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajendra","family":"Koju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunta Devi","family":"Pun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kumudu","family":"Wihewardene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dinusha Chamanie","family":"Perera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Munas Mohamed","family":"Muzrif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1403494817723195","volume-title":"Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2013: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, The World Bank and the United Nations Population Division. 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Kathmandu,\n            Nepal: Ministry of Law and Justice,\n            2009."},{"key":"bibr7-1403494817723195","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) [Nepal], New ERA and ICF international\n            Inc. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2011.\n            Nepal 2012, https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/publications\/publication-FR257-DHS-Final-Reports.cfm"},{"key":"bibr8-1403494817723195","unstructured":"Pradhan A, Suvedi B, Barnett Set al. Nepal maternal mortality and             morbidity study 2008\/2009. Nepal:             Family Health Division, Department of Health Services, Ministry of             Health and Population, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu,             2010."},{"key":"bibr9-1403494817723195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-016-0293-7"},{"key":"bibr10-1403494817723195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/13.2.105"},{"key":"bibr11-1403494817723195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.1999.tb01142.x"},{"key":"bibr12-1403494817723195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60052-5"},{"key":"bibr13-1403494817723195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61837-7"},{"key":"bibr14-1403494817723195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czv091"},{"key":"bibr15-1403494817723195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0414-3"},{"key":"bibr16-1403494817723195","unstructured":"Basile K, Hertz M, Back S. 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Atlanta, GA: Centers for             Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and             Control, 2007."},{"key":"bibr17-1403494817723195","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"Hegde S","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Womens Health Issues Care"},{"key":"bibr18-1403494817723195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v9.31964"},{"key":"bibr19-1403494817723195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801216644993"},{"key":"bibr20-1403494817723195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckm009"},{"key":"bibr21-1403494817723195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-8080(10)36533-5"},{"key":"bibr22-1403494817723195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480230068030"},{"key":"bibr23-1403494817723195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2007.04.013"},{"key":"bibr24-1403494817723195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2004.0222.x"},{"key":"bibr25-1403494817723195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v9.31838"},{"key":"bibr26-1403494817723195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-109"},{"key":"bibr27-1403494817723195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-1166-7"},{"key":"bibr28-1403494817723195","volume-title":"Epidemiology: an introduction","author":"Rothman KJ","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1403494817723195","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1403494817723195","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1403494817723195","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:13:26Z","timestamp":1777695206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1403494817723195"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1403494817723195"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1403494817723195","relation":{},"ISSN":["1403-4948","1651-1905"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1403-4948","type":"print"},{"value":"1651-1905","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]]}}}