{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:36:38Z","timestamp":1777937798894,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587340800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Aims: The purpose of this study was to analyse the prevalence of hospital visits and nature of injuries caused by intimate partner violence (IPV) against women and associated costs. Methods: All visits to Landspitali National University Hospital by women 18 years or older subjected to IPV, inflicted by a current or former male partner during 2005\u20132014, were observed and analysed. Information was obtained on number, date and time of visits and admissions, place of occurrence, patients\u2019 and perpetrators\u2019 age and relationship, number of perpetrators, medical diagnosis, aetiology, injury severity and cost. Results: The number of new hospital visits due to IPV was 1454, of which 92.6% were to the Emergency Department. The average age of the women was 34 years and 3.2% were admitted. According to the Injury Severity Score, physical injuries were mostly minor (92.4%) and mainly located on the upper body (64.3%) \u2013 namely, face, head and neck (37.1%) and upper limbs (27.2%). The majority of injuries were superficial (76.2%) and punching (29.7%), shoving (17.8%), kicking (10.5%) and attempted strangulation (9.8%) were the most common types of aetiology. Repeated new visits were 37.8%. The total cost for the hospital relating to IPV was \u20ac783,330. Conclusions: The total number of new visits resulting from IPV was 1454, and prevalence was 1.69 per 1000 women in the capital area over the research period. The majority of women were shown to have minor physical injuries of a superficial nature, located on the upper body. Although a low percentage of women were admitted, the associated cost for visits and admissions was substantial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494820916093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T07:35:13Z","timestamp":1587368113000},"page":"260-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Women and intimate partner violence: Prevalence of hospital visits and nature of injuries in the Icelandic population"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Dr\u00edfa","family":"J\u00f3nasd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland"},{"name":"Research Institute in Emergency Medicine, Reykjavik, Iceland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3585-006X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thordis","family":"Thorsteinsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute in Emergency Medicine, Reykjavik, Iceland"},{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tinna Laufey","family":"\u00c1sgeirsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Economics, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sigr\u00fan H.","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland"},{"name":"The Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6816-148X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eir\u00edkur \u00d6rn","family":"Arnarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Ashikali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Formerly at School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00de\u00f3rhildur","family":"L\u00edndal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ombudsman for Children in Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brynj\u00f3lfur","family":"Mogensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland"},{"name":"Research Institute in Emergency Medicine, Reykjavik, Iceland"},{"name":"Emergency Department, Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1403494820916093","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Violence against women. Intimate partner and sexual violence against women. Geneva, Switzerland, November 2017. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/violence-against-women"},{"key":"bibr2-1403494820916093","volume":"382","author":"Sprague S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bibr3-1403494820916093","volume":"382","author":"St\u00f6ckl H","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bibr4-1403494820916093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69523-8"},{"key":"bibr5-1403494820916093","unstructured":"European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. Violence against women: an EU-wide survey. Results at a glance. FRA, Luxembourg, 2014."},{"key":"bibr6-1403494820916093","author":"Thoresen S","year":"2014","journal-title":"Report, Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter om vold og traumatisk stress, Norway"},{"key":"bibr7-1403494820916093","unstructured":"Arnalds \u00c1, Karlsd\u00f3ttir E. 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Report, Ranns\u00f3knastofnun \u00ed barna-og fj\u00f6lskylduvernd, Reykjav\u00edk, 2010."},{"key":"bibr8-1403494820916093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2014.07.053"},{"key":"bibr9-1403494820916093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-011-9383-3"},{"key":"bibr10-1403494820916093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.24.5.627"},{"key":"bibr11-1403494820916093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2013.05.005"},{"key":"bibr12-1403494820916093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-14-6"},{"key":"bibr13-1403494820916093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-13-31"},{"key":"bibr14-1403494820916093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2009.00955.x"},{"key":"bibr15-1403494820916093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/502703"},{"key":"bibr16-1403494820916093","volume":"43","author":"Hackenberg E","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg"},{"key":"bibr17-1403494820916093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260512438278"},{"key":"bibr18-1403494820916093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.04.010"},{"key":"bibr19-1403494820916093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2014.02.006"},{"key":"bibr20-1403494820916093","unstructured":"Bay-Nielsen H.\n                      NOMESCO classification of external causes of injuries\n                      . 3rd rev ed. 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