{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T19:34:08Z","timestamp":1784576048424,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prolonged loneliness and severe stress are increasingly recognised as public health concerns and considered risk factors for mental disorders, somatic illnesses and mortality. Loneliness and perceived stress also often co-occur; however, their longitudinal relation remains unclear. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study aiming to investigate the longitudinal relation between loneliness and perceived stress independently of cross-sectional associations and time effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Designed as a population-based cohort study with repeated measurements, the present study included individuals aged 16\u201380\u2009years at baseline who participated in the Danish National Health Survey (\u2018How are you?\u2019) in 2013 and 2017 ( N = 10,159; response rate = 50%). Structural equation modelling was used to examine associations between loneliness and perceived stress in the total sample and across age groups (i.e., 16\u201329, 30\u201364 and 65\u201380\u2009years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The models indicated bidirectional relations between loneliness and perceived stress. The standardized cross-lagged path from loneliness to perceived stress (\u03b2: 0.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.08, 0.16), p &lt; 0.001) and from perceived stress to loneliness (\u03b2: 0.12, 95% CI (0.07, 0.16), p &lt; 0.001) both corresponded to small effect sizes in the total sample. Additionally, the results indicated strong cross-sectional associations, especially among adolescents and young adults (16\u201329\u2009years), and high temporal stability, especially among the elderly (65\u201380\u2009years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Loneliness and perceived stress mutually predict each other over time. The finding of both substantial bidirectional and cross-sectional associations demonstrates an interdependence between loneliness and perceived stress that may be relevant to consider in future interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/14034948231151716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T05:56:03Z","timestamp":1676526963000},"page":"410-418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["The longitudinal relation between loneliness and perceived stress: A structural equation modelling analysis of 10,159 individuals"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1007-7557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisbeth M","family":"Laustsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DEFACTUM - Public Health and Health Service Research, Central Denmark Region, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DEFACTUM - Public Health and Health Service Research, Central Denmark Region, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helle T","family":"Maindal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark"},{"name":"Health Promotion, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6470-7465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oleguer","family":"Plana-Ripoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark"},{"name":"National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5808-8883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathias","family":"Lasgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DEFACTUM - Public Health and Health Service Research, Central Denmark Region, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-14034948231151716","volume":"376","author":"Surkalim DL","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"bibr2-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S106250"},{"key":"bibr3-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-022-02261-7"},{"key":"bibr4-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-308790"},{"key":"bibr5-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614568352"},{"key":"bibr6-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.03.075"},{"key":"bibr7-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-650"},{"key":"bibr8-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/02.07.09.PR0.108.3.919-922"},{"key":"bibr9-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/AG.72.2.c"},{"key":"bibr10-14034948231151716","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Loneliness: a sourcebook of current theory, research, and therapy","author":"Peplau LA","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr11-14034948231151716","volume-title":"Stress, appraisal, and coping","author":"Lazarus RS","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr12-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15030464"},{"key":"bibr13-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13031"},{"key":"bibr14-14034948231151716","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Personal relationships","author":"Perlman D","year":"1981"},{"key":"bibr15-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(99)00049-5"},{"key":"bibr16-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200205000-00005"},{"key":"bibr17-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.2003.0049"},{"key":"bibr18-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.98.2.310"},{"key":"bibr19-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2012.03.016"},{"key":"bibr20-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.85.1.105"},{"key":"bibr21-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12461"},{"key":"bibr22-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-010-9210-8"},{"key":"bibr23-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/spq0000328"},{"key":"bibr24-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494820966534"},{"key":"bibr25-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027504268574"},{"key":"bibr26-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2006.10.013"},{"key":"bibr27-14034948231151716","first-page":"31","volume-title":"The social psychology of health","author":"Cohen S","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr28-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404"},{"key":"bibr29-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029315"},{"key":"bibr30-14034948231151716","first-page":"1","volume":"27","author":"Lei P-W","year":"2019","journal-title":"Struct Equ Modeling"},{"key":"bibr31-14034948231151716","volume-title":"Handbook of structural equation modeling","author":"Hoyle RH","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr32-14034948231151716","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J","year":"1988","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr33-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868319850738"},{"key":"bibr34-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691615568999"},{"key":"bibr35-14034948231151716","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lasgaard M, L\u00f8vschall C, Qualter P, Laustsen LM, Lim MH, Maindal HT, et al. 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