{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T17:42:58Z","timestamp":1788630178961,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703721600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001840","name":"Icelandic Center for Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["184687-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["184687-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001840","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary aim of this cross-sectional study was to provide descriptive data about the lifetime prevalence of trauma exposure with a particular focus on sexual violence and natural disasters and to assess the prevalence of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the Icelandic population. In addition, the aim was to investigate whether PTSD symptoms, trauma types and prevalence differed by gender and geographical location.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A representative sample of the population between the ages of 18 and 80 years was randomly selected from the Icelandic National Registrar. The study included a total of 1766 participants consisting of 930 (52.7%) women and 836 (47.3%) men, with an overall mean age of 49.9 years (standard deviation 16.1). Participants were contacted by phone and asked questions from the Lifetime Events Checklist (LEC-5) to assess lifetime exposure to traumatic events. Individuals who had experienced traumatic events completed the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) to assess PTSD symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exposure to trauma is common among the Icelandic population, with 84.3% of the participants experiencing at least one kind of trauma. Of those exposed to trauma, 10.5% fulfilled criteria indicating a higher risk of PTSD. The prevalence of sexual violence and other unwanted sexual experiences was relatively high (16.2% and 24.4%, respectively) compared with other national studies. Women were almost four times more likely than men to have been exposed to sexual violence (24.9% vs 6.4%), and were more likely to have been exposed to other unwanted sexual experience (35.1% vs 12.4%, respectively). Exposure to natural disasters is frequent but with great geographical variation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>This study highlights the high prevalence of trauma in Iceland, revealing significant gender disparities in sexual violence and geographical variations in natural disaster exposure.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/14034948231217019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T07:49:31Z","timestamp":1703749771000},"page":"968-977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prevalence of trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms among the Icelandic population: gender and regional differences"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4819-8293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thora S.","family":"Einarsdottir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryndis Bjork","family":"Asgeirsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rannveig","family":"Sigurvinsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Ullman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Criminology, Law and Justice Faculty, University of Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berglind","family":"Gudmundsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland and Landspitali University Hospital of Iceland, Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"42","volume-title":"Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Global Perspectives from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys","author":"Benjet C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Benjet C, L\u00e9pine JP, Shahl V, et al. 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