{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T12:57:02Z","timestamp":1783947422544,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Suicide deaths are often linked to impulsivity during moments of crisis, such as financial difficulties, relationship breakdowns and poor health. For individuals experiencing financial problems, risk factors for suicide can commonly include circumstances surrounding payment problems, including unemployment, divorce, low education and low income mediated by debt.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we investigate the impact of payment problems on suicide in Norway using a spline-based parametric survival analysis, with suicide as the outcome variable. With access to high quality Norwegian register data and unique information on payment problems, defined as deductions in wages or benefits, we investigated suicide amongst the entire adult Norwegian population over an 11-year period (2008\u20132018).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that the prevalence of payment problems among the Norwegian population between 2009 and 2018 was associated with a higher risk of suicide for both males and females. Despite the greater proportion of suicide occurring amongst males both globally and in Norway, we found that women experiencing financial hardship had a relatively higher suicide risk when adjusted for demographic variables than their male counterparts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>These findings highlight the need for stronger protections for individuals struggling with financial difficulties and emphasise the importance of further research on the relationship between payment problems and suicide, with the aim of informing and enhancing national suicide prevention strategies.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/14034948241312375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T05:03:04Z","timestamp":1744693384000},"page":"488-494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Payment problems and suicide: life under financial strain"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2206-6142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla l.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention (NSSF), University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0826-0689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c5smund","family":"Hermansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work, Child Welfare, and Social Policy, OsloMet, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Suicide worldwide in 2019: global health estimates. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240026643 (2019 accessed 19 April 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Suicide. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/suicide (2024 accessed 18 April 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Helsediektoratet. Selvskading og selvmord\u2014veiledende materiell for kommunene om forebygging [in Norwegian]. https:\/\/www.helsedirektoratet.no\/faglige-rad\/selvskading-og-selvmord-veiledende-materiell-for-kommunene-om-forebygging (2017 accessed 18 April 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Hjelmeland H Hagen J Espeland K et al Retningslinjer forebygger ikke selvmord. Tidsskriftet (Den Norske Legeforening) [in Norwegian]. https:\/\/tidsskriftet.no\/2018\/06\/debatt\/retningslinjer-forebygger-ikke-selvmord (2018 accessed 18 April 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Holte A. Gjeld og Selvmord. In: Poppe C (ed) Penger til Besv\u00e6r: privat\u00f8konomiske utfordringer og \u00f8konomisk r\u00e5dgiving i kredittsamfunnet [in Norwegian]. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget; 2022. pp.\u2009148\u2013157."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Bond N Holkar M. A silent killer.2018. https:\/\/www.moneyandmentalhealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/A-Silent-Killer-Report.pdf (2018 accessed 19 April 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"Poppe C. Into the debt quagmire: how defaulters cope with severe debt problems. https:\/\/www.duo.uio.no\/handle\/10852\/15256 (2008 accessed 27 July 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701004457"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710001261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.164.1.111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00207640211036166"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764014536545"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunnell D Chang SS. Economic recession unemployment and suicide. In: The International Handbook of Suicide Prevention. pp. 284\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118903223.ch16 (2016 accessed 18 April 2023).","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118903223.ch16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136676"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1187\/cbe.19-03-0060"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/csd.2006.0030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"Stene-Larsen K \u00d8ien-\u00d8degaard C Straiton ML et al The Norwegian Institute of Public Health (FHI). Suicide in Norway. https:\/\/www.fhi.no\/en\/op\/hin\/mental-health\/suicide\/ (2023 accessed 18 April 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"Nasjonalt senter for selvmordsforskning og -forebygging. Selvmord etter bostedsfylke. Utvalgte \u00e5r 1990-2022. Per 100 000 innbyggere fra 10 \u00e5r [in Norwegian]. Oslo: Nasjonalt senter for selvmordsforskning og -forebygging; 2022. (Selvmordsstatistikk). https:\/\/www.med.uio.no\/klinmed\/forskning\/sentre\/nssf\/kunnskapsressurser\/statistikk-selvmord\/2022\/2022_statistikk-nettpresentasjoner-norsk2.pdf (2022 accessed 13 February 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Kempson E McKay S Willitts M. Characteristics of families in debt and the nature of indebtedness. (DWP Research Report no. 211). Corporate Document Services 2004. 108 p."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0100100101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100853"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14034948241312375","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/14034948241312375","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14034948241312375","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T09:22:10Z","timestamp":1783070530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/14034948241312375"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/14034948241312375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14034948241312375","relation":{},"ISSN":["1403-4948","1651-1905"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1403-4948","type":"print"},{"value":"1651-1905","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]}}}