{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:39:41Z","timestamp":1777937981433,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous research has documented the adverse economic consequences associated with caring for a child with a disability. However, less is known about the mechanisms responsible for these negative employment probabilities. To address this knowledge gap, this study examined differences in return to work following childbirth between mothers of a child with and without a disability, as well as the associated sociodemographic and job-related characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analysed registry data from Statistics Norway. Our study included all first-born children in Norway between 2007 and 2015 and their respective mothers (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =107,298). Linear probability regression models were used to examine differences in mothers\u2019 return to work after childbirth and its associated factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After adjustment for sociodemographic and job-related characteristics, mothers of a child with a disability had lower probability of returning to work compared with other mothers. The factors having the strongest association with mothers\u2019 return to work were psychosocial job exposures and educational level. Mechanical job exposures, immigrant background, and divorce status had a moderate correlation with mothers\u2019 return to work. Factors that had a weaker influence on mothers\u2019 return to work were mothers\u2019 age at childbirth, and number of younger siblings. Moreover, educational level, divorce status and mechanical job exposures had differential effects on mothers of a child with and without a disability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Our results suggest that mothers of a child with a disability may experience a more pronounced employment disadvantage than other mothers, even in Norway, where the welfare support for this group of mothers is relatively robust and extensive.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/14034948261441935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T06:00:43Z","timestamp":1776664843000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mothers\u2019 return to work after a first-born child with a disability: evidence from Norway"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2710-6863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Yisfashewa","family":"Wondemu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Social Research, Section for Health and Welfare Research, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0826-0689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c5smund","family":"Hermansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work, Child Welfare and Social Policy, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P\u00e5l","family":"Joranger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Idunn","family":"Brekke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Childhood and Families, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490712200102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2011.01407.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14195-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15017419.2015.1063544"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02798-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2024.101610"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12063"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.10.054"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"The timing of mothers' employment after childbirth","volume":"131","author":"Han WJ","year":"2008","unstructured":"Han WJ, Ruhm CJ, Waldfogel J, et al. The timing of mothers' employment after childbirth. Mon Labor Rev 2008;131:15\u201327.","journal-title":"Mon Labor Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0950017015625616"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2006.00930.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","volume-title":"A Treatise on the Family","author":"Becker GS","year":"2009","unstructured":"Becker GS. A Treatise on the Family. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40711-020-00123-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019251300021008005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","volume-title":"Profiles in caregiving: The unexpected career","author":"Aneshensel CS","year":"1995","unstructured":"Aneshensel CS, Pearlin LI, Mullan JT, et al. Profiles in caregiving: The unexpected career. 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Geographical variation and equality in the allocation of attendance benefit to young people under 18 [Geografisk variasjon og likebehandling i tildeling av hjelpest\u00f8nad til barn og unge under 18 \u00e5r]. Norwegian National Insurance Administration. Norwegian National Insurance Administration Report, 2004.","journal-title":"Geographical variation and equality in the allocation of attendance benefit to young people under 18"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","unstructured":"NAV. 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