{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T07:53:00Z","timestamp":1791013980949,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014195","name":"region v\u00e4rmland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014195","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between loneliness, living alone and mental well-being among Swedish adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study is based on 6315 men and women aged 18\u2009years or older responding to a population survey in 2022 (overall response rate 45%). A short version of the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well Being Scale was used to measure mental well-being. The associations between loneliness, living alone and mental well-being were analysed using multiple logistic regression, adjusting for gender, age group, educational level, economic difficulties, social support, risk consumption of alcohol and longstanding illness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, the majority of the study population did not feel lonely, with 63.5% living with someone and 16.1% living alone. The proportion reporting loneliness, in total 20.4%, was about the same irrespective of whether the respondent lived with someone (10.7%) or was living alone (9.7%). More women than men reported loneliness, living alone and poor mental well-being. The youngest age group, 18\u201329\u2009years, reported the highest levels of loneliness and poor mental well-being. Loneliness was independently associated with poor mental well-being, and the association was as strong among those who lived alone as among those who lived with someone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Loneliness was associated with poor mental well-being irrespective of living alone or not. Public health actions aiming to reduce loneliness and strengthen mental well-being in the general population need to address all age groups, in particular young adults and those who live with someone but still feel lonely.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/14034948261479493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:00:14Z","timestamp":1790748014000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Loneliness, living alone and mental well-being: findings from a population-based study in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Malin","family":"Knutz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Jern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Education, Region V\u00e4rmland, Karlstad, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2532-2498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anu","family":"Molarius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research, Region V\u00e4rmland, Karlstad, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. From loneliness to social connection\u2013charting a path to healthier societies: Report of the WHO Commission on Social Connection. Geneva: World Health Organization https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/978240112360 (2025 accessed 18 February 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Sweden. Din psykiska h\u00e4lsa. Ofrivillig ensamhet \u2013 och hur du kan bryta den [Your mental health. Involuntary loneliness \u2013 and how you can break it]. https:\/\/dinpsykiskahalsa.se\/artiklar\/nar-livet-kanns-jobbigt\/ensamhet\/ (2026 accessed 18 February 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09208-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1262-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Sweden. H\u00e4lsa p\u00e5 lika villkor? Nationella folkh\u00e4lsoenk\u00e4ten [Health on equal terms? The national public health survey] https:\/\/www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se\/folkhalsorapportering-statistik\/om-var-data\/om-vara-datainsamlingar\/nationella-folkhalsoenkaten\/ (2026 accessed 21 May 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116163"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"Statistics Sweden. Mer \u00e4n var tredje \u00f6ver 60 bor ensam [More than one third over 60 years live alone] https:\/\/www.scb.se\/hitta-statistik\/redaktionellt\/mer-an-var-tredje-over-60-bor-ensam\/ (2022 accessed 21 May 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1444990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17482631.2022.2132653"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opn.12213"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","article-title":"The association between loneliness, social isolation and all-cause mortality in a nationally representative sample of older women and men","volume":"26","author":"Lennartsson C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lennartsson C, Rehnberg J, Dahlberg L. The association between loneliness, social isolation and all-cause mortality in a nationally representative sample of older women and men. Aging Ment Health 2021;26:1821\u20138.","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.07.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Mental health https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/mental-health-strengthening-our-response (2025 accessed 21 May 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-5-63"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2022.2098919"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Sweden. Standing together \u2013 a national strategy to tackle loneliness https:\/\/www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se\/contentassets\/28a4981ffd294bcab9a004c8c4d7cea9\/standing-together.pdf (2025 accessed 21 May 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-016-1279-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2017.1399345"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","article-title":"Loneliness and the onset of new mental health problems in the general population","volume":"57","author":"Mann F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mann F, Wang J, Pearce E, et al. Loneliness and the onset of new mental health problems in the general population. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022;57:2161-78.","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.2011.613875"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-011-0175-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056367"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18147405"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30383-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264316685843"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02673843.2022.2109422"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.21.1.140"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-019-01778-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-011-0387-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","article-title":"Comparison of risk factor associations in UK Biobank against representative, general population based studies with conventional response rates: Prospective cohort study and individual participant meta-analysis","volume":"368","author":"Batty GD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Batty GD, Gale CR, Kivim\u00e4ki M, et al. Comparison of risk factor associations in UK Biobank against representative, general population based studies with conventional response rates: Prospective cohort study and individual participant meta-analysis. 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