{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:15:09Z","timestamp":1789676109900,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\/objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exposure to greenspace is associated with improved health outcomes, with proposed mechanisms including improved local air quality and health effects that reduce personal susceptibility to air pollution. This systematic review synthesises cohort study evidence on whether greenspace protects against air pollution effects on respiratory-related health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic review of cohort studies, searching Medline, Embase and Scopus databases published up to May 2026. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, all of which were rated as \u2018good\u2019 quality. Cohorts mostly originated from Europe, with outcomes including respiratory-related mortality, lung function, and non-infectious respiratory diseases. In general, exposure to greenspace was protective against air pollution-associated respiratory mortality, with effects more consistently detected through mediation than moderation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Residential greenspace appears to reduce the harm associated with air pollutants on respiratory health outcomes, including related mortality. The stronger association detected through mediation analysis suggests that the mechanism is through improvements in local air quality rather than the direct effects of greenspace on health, enhancing individual resilience to the effects of air pollution.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/14034948261481328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T04:50:56Z","timestamp":1789534256000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Greenspace, air pollution and respiratory health outcomes: a systematic review of cohort studies"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1511-2643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mae Sofie","family":"Vance","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30505-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDra2200068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-025-02999-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(23)00008-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2016.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Ambient (outdoor) air pollution https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/ambient-(outdoor)-air-quality-and-health (2024 accessed 9 September 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/B09412"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2016.01.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ac0e61"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165588"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107654"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2014.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(99)00394-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"2305","article-title":"Biochemical and metabolic plant responses toward polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals present in atmospheric pollution","volume":"10","author":"Molina L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Molina L, Segura A. Biochemical and metabolic plant responses toward polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals present in atmospheric pollution. Plants (Basel) 2021;10:2305.","journal-title":"Plants (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159952"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.06.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vance M Ye T. Greenspace air pollution and respiratory health outcomes: a systematic review https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/view\/CRD42024618469 (2024 accessed 6 May 2025).","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.10.16.25338155"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021;372:n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","unstructured":"Veritas Health Innovation. Covidence systematic review software www.covidence.org (n.d. accessed 29 May 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","unstructured":"Wells GA Shea B O\u2019Connell D et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses https:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp (2013 accessed 18 June 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118199"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115299"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/56059"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106365"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105749"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119240"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.120938"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18752-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1510363"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(20)30027-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494815615444"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.10.050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-214767"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114868"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14034948261481328","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/14034948261481328","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14034948261481328","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T19:50:16Z","timestamp":1789674616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/14034948261481328"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/14034948261481328"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14034948261481328","relation":{},"ISSN":["1403-4948","1651-1905"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1403-4948","type":"print"},{"value":"1651-1905","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"article-number":"14034948261481328"}}