{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T17:46:31Z","timestamp":1791740791512,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aims<\/jats:italic>\n                    : The Social Processes in Well-being (SoWell) study is an intensive longitudinal twin study designed to examine the relationships between mental health and social and environmental factors over time and to address the genetic contribution to these associations.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Approximately 14,000 individuals from the Norwegian Twin Registry will be invited. Comprehensive assessment of individual characteristics, well-being, mental health, social factors, and environmental factors will be conducted using a baseline survey. Two longitudinal follow-up surveys will be conducted at 6 and 12\u2009months. Participants will also be invited to take part in an ecological momentary assessment component collecting data on mental health and contextual factors in daily life. The ecological momentary assessment data collection comprises 4 measurements per day for 30\u2009days (i.e., up to 120 observations per person). SoWell can be linked to previously collected data in the Norwegian Twin Registry and population registry data, facilitating longitudinal analyses of how social and environmental factors relate to mental health over time in daily life, across months, and over years. The genetically informative twin sample can help address unmeasured confounding and yield insights into genetic and environmental underpinnings of mental health and socio-environmental influences.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                      : SoWell aims to provide new knowledge about how social and environmental factors relate to mental health and well-being over time. The study integrates comprehensive measures of mental health problems and well-being. An integrated longitudinal survey and ecological momentary assessment approach in a genetically informative sample represents an innovative design with unprecedented opportunities for studying associations between mental health, well-being, and environmental and genetic factors.\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Trial registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The SoWell study protocol and design have been registered at the Open Science Framework (prior to recruitment of participants):\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/m7utn\/overview?view_only=aa3e113787884d0b8113ee8b53c5c9dc\">https:\/\/osf.io\/m7utn\/overview?view_only=aa3e113787884d0b8113ee8b53c5c9dc<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14034948261488979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T10:50:49Z","timestamp":1791456649000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Social processes in well-being (SoWell): A survey and ecological momentary assessment twin study"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9773-8287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludvig Daae","family":"Bj\u00f8rndal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology Group, Research Department, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ragnhild Bang","family":"Nes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Division of Public Health and Prevention, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Philosophy, Classics, and History of Arts and Ideas, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omid V.","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Teulings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Espen","family":"R\u00f8ysamb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Division of Public Health and Prevention, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30513-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.271"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-119"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-025-02319-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-023-03437-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-015-9713-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","article-title":"Genetic influences on eight psychiatric disorders based on family data of 4 408 646 full and half-siblings, and genetic data of 333 748 cases and controls","volume":"49","author":"Pettersson E","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pettersson E, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H, et al. Genetic influences on eight psychiatric disorders based on family data of 4 408 646 full and half-siblings, and genetic data of 333 748 cases and controls. Psychol Med 2019;49:1166\u201373.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12291"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706009524"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691610383511"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-018-0020-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-018-0307-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","article-title":"Multiple social factors are associated with wellbeing when accounting for shared genetic and environmental confounding","volume":"34","author":"Bj\u00f8rndal LD","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bj\u00f8rndal LD, Nes RB, Ayorech Z, et al. Multiple social factors are associated with wellbeing when accounting for shared genetic and environmental confounding. Qual Life Res 2024;34:535\u201345.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.4162"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0001208"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-021-00346-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2013.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.88.1.158"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-020-00324-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091415"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-020-01423-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teulings IJE Deserno MK Liu J et al. Beyond the borders of wellbeing: network analyses reveal the fuzzy boundaries between wellbeing domains [Internet]. OSF. Available from: https:\/\/osf.io\/vmtcb_v1 (2025 accessed 28 October 2025).","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/vmtcb_v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","article-title":"Expanding the social science of happiness","volume":"2","author":"Helliwell JF","year":"2018","unstructured":"Helliwell JF, Aknin LB. Expanding the social science of happiness. Nat Hum Behav 2018;2:248\u201352.","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2024.112996"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"The Norwegian Twin Registry","volume":"26","author":"Nilsen TS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nilsen TS, Brandt I, Czajkowski N, et al. The Norwegian Twin Registry. Nor Epidemiol 2016;26:19\u201327.","journal-title":"Nor Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McAdams TA Rijsdijk FV Zavos HMS et al. Twins and causal inference: Leveraging nature\u2019s experiment [Internet]. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a039552","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a039552"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.9.6.858"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","unstructured":"Nes RB Hansen T Barstad A. Livskvalitet. Anbefalinger for et bedre m\u00e5lesystem [Internet]. Helsedirektoratet; 2018. Available from: https:\/\/www.fhi.no\/publ\/2018\/livskvalitet.-anbefalinger-for-et-bedre-malesystem\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2017.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0167.53.1.80"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.84.2.365"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-3506.2004.00277.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-2354-4_12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.82.1.112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5324\/nje.v24i1-2.1822"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","article-title":"The Relationship Satisfaction scale \u2013 Psychometric properties","volume":"24","author":"R\u00f8ysamb E","year":"2014","unstructured":"R\u00f8ysamb E, Vitters\u00f8 J, Tambs K. The Relationship Satisfaction scale \u2013 Psychometric properties. Nor Epidemiol 2014;24(1\u20132):187\u201394.","journal-title":"Nor Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027504268574"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-022-06187-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-025-00965-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-27349-0_7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36850\/28b4-4f59"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14034948261488979","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/14034948261488979","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14034948261488979","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T17:07:45Z","timestamp":1791738465000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/14034948261488979"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/14034948261488979"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14034948261488979","relation":{},"ISSN":["1403-4948","1651-1905"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1403-4948","type":"print"},{"value":"1651-1905","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"article-number":"14034948261488979"}}