{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:40:13Z","timestamp":1777938013688,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,6,1]],"date-time":"1991-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":675734400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>During the last 25 years, a series of epidemiological studies in North-Western Europe and U.S.A. have demonstrated a negative association between social class and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), that is, an increasing incidence the lower the social class. In studies where possible explanations of this negative gradient have been analyzed, it was concluded that the traditional individual risk factors, such as elevated blood pressure, high serum cholesterol, and smoking, could explain about one half of the differences demonstrated. In a prospective study of a cohort of 504 men from the County of Copenhagen, the participants were examined when 40 and 51 years old. At both examinations the social class of the participants was recorded in addition to a number of cardiovascular risk factors. The latter included both the traditional risk factors and some not previously analyzed in relation to social class. At the 51-year examination we found statistically significant negative associations between social class and the following risk factors: plasma fibrinogen (p &lt; 0.001), short height (p &lt; 0.001), smoking (p &lt; 0.05), physical inactivity in leisure time (p &lt; 0.01), shift work (p &lt; 0.05), job strain (p &lt; 0.05), living alone (p &lt; 0.01), and having a poor social network (p &lt; 0.05). Two factors showed a significant opposite association with social class: Type A behaviour (p &lt; 0.001) and physical inactivity at work (p &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In the last 10-15 years, a tendency has been demonstrated in many countries towards a strengthened association between social class and cardiovascular risk factors. This tendency was not found in our cohort. It has been discussed whether some of the social inequalities observed could be due to selection, so that people with a favourable cardiovascular risk profile socially were upward mobile. We found no support for such a selection hypothesis in our study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/140349489101900207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,9]],"date-time":"2009-02-09T12:33:36Z","timestamp":1234182816000},"page":"116-126","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Social Class and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Danish Men"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Lars","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lars M\u00f8ller, Institute of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, The Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, The Glostrup population Studies, Medical Department C, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, N. Ringvej 57, DK-2600, Address for offprints: Dr Lars M\u00f6ller Inst of Social Medicine The Panum Institute Blegdamsvej 3 DK-2200 Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tage S.","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, The Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanne","family":"Hollnagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Glostrup population Studies, Medical Department C, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, N. Ringvej 57, DK-2600 Glostrup and, Institute of General Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Mariesvej 18, DK-2100 Copenhagen \u00f8, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112268"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(67)90011-2"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(68)90098-2"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2307\/3348939","volume":"45","author":"Marks RU","year":"1967","journal-title":"The Milbank Mem Fund Q"},{"key":"atypb5","first-page":"3423","volume":"147","author":"Kristensen TS","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"3429","volume":"147","author":"Kristensen TS","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/18.3_Supplement_1.S196"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6145.1109"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92085-4"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)92337-7"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.45.1.13"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90774-4"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(52)90516-3"},{"key":"atypb14","first-page":"128","volume":"8","author":"Logan WPD","year":"1954","journal-title":"Br J Prev Soc Med"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.283.6288.405"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1959.00270120059009"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)90073-4"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5111.1485"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)90644-7"},{"key":"atypb20","first-page":"191","volume":"14","author":"Morgenstern H","year":"1980","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/KTC1-N5LK-J1PM-9GRQ"},{"key":"atypb22","first-page":"49","volume":"33","author":"Cooper CL","year":"1980","journal-title":"Bull Br Psychol Soc"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197604292941806"},{"key":"atypb24","first-page":"231","volume":"31","author":"N\u00e4yh\u00e4 S","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br J Prev Soc Med"},{"key":"atypb25","first-page":"691","volume":"13","author":"Koskenvuo M","year":"1979","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.35.3.192"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-7435(78)90266-9"},{"key":"atypb28","unstructured":"28. Socialdepartementet. H\u00e4lsopolitiske m\u00e5l och behovsbaseret planering. Stockholm: Statens offentliga utredninger, 1984."},{"key":"atypb29","first-page":"91","volume":"81","author":"Nilsson P","year":"1984","journal-title":"L\u00e4kartidn"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)91930-9"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1981.tb11591.x"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.34.1.48"},{"key":"atypb33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1982.tb00370.x","author":"Holme I","year":"1982","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"atypb34","unstructured":"34. Statistisk sentralbyr\u00e5. Yrke og d\u00f8delighet 1970\u201373. Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyr\u00e5, 1976."},{"key":"atypb35","volume-title":"D\u00f8delighed og erhverv 1970\u201380","author":"Andersen O","year":"1985"},{"key":"atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03400060067031"},{"key":"atypb37","first-page":"1309","volume":"66","author":"Liu K","year":"1982","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"atypb38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112915"},{"key":"atypb39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.32.4.244"},{"key":"atypb40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0047279400012289"},{"key":"atypb41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1988.tb02762.x"},{"key":"atypb42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1864"},{"key":"atypb43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1854"},{"key":"atypb44","first-page":"987","volume":"54","author":"Dyer AR","year":"1976","journal-title":"Findings on 40.000 employed Chicagoans. Circulation"},{"key":"atypb45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112476"},{"key":"atypb46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.43.1.37"},{"key":"atypb47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(69)90002-2"},{"key":"atypb48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(81)80129-1"},{"key":"atypb49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/140349488501300202"},{"key":"atypb50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114895"},{"key":"atypb51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/140349488601400202"},{"key":"atypb52","first-page":"249","volume":"26","author":"Khosla T","year":"1972","journal-title":"Br J Prev Soc Med"},{"key":"atypb53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.291.6505.1312"},{"key":"atypb54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6157.153"},{"key":"atypb55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.300.6725.634"},{"key":"atypb56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.11.2.344"},{"key":"atypb57","first-page":"537","volume":"23","author":"Covey LS","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"atypb58","first-page":"2788","volume":"147","author":"Olsen JH","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"atypb59","first-page":"95","author":"Morris JN","year":"1974","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol"},{"key":"atypb60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)92476-9"},{"key":"atypb61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-7435(84)90037-9"},{"key":"atypb62","unstructured":"62. Hollnagel H. 40-\u00e5riges helbred (Thesis). Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen, 1985."},{"key":"atypb63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.71.7.694"},{"key":"atypb64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.78.8.910"},{"key":"atypb65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1954.7.2.218"},{"key":"atypb66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(69)90061-7"},{"key":"atypb67","volume-title":"Cardiovascular survey methods","author":"Rose GA","year":"1982"},{"key":"atypb68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365516509077284"},{"key":"atypb69","first-page":"168","volume":"28","author":"Olsen NB","year":"1981","journal-title":"Dan Med Bull"},{"key":"atypb70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114823"},{"key":"atypb71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198801143180201"},{"key":"atypb72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3399889"},{"key":"atypb73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03259865"},{"key":"atypb74","first-page":"223","author":"Orth-Gom\u00e9r K","year":"1982","journal-title":"Activ Nerv Sup"},{"key":"atypb75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-198310000-00004"},{"key":"atypb76","first-page":"56","volume-title":"Seventh Swedish-Yogoslavian symposium on occupational health","author":"Orth-Gom\u00e9r K","year":"1985"},{"key":"atypb77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1988.tb19363.x"},{"key":"atypb78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2302"},{"key":"atypb79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.78.11.1415"},{"key":"atypb80","volume-title":"Global strategy for health for all by the year 2000","year":"1981"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/140349489101900207","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/140349489101900207","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:24:23Z","timestamp":1777695863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/140349489101900207"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/140349489101900207"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/140349489101900207","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8037"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8037","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]}}}