{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T18:48:13Z","timestamp":1757702893691,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,1]],"date-time":"1996-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":849398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We have undertaken an autopsy-based study to evaluate the etiologic importance of active and passive smoking, as well as socio-demographic variables, in the development of pathologic precursors of lung cancer. Lung specimens were taken at autopsy from 531 persons who had died within four hours from a cause other than respiratory or cancer in Athens (Greece) or the surrounding area. Specimens were examined blindly for basal cell hyperplasia, squamous cell metaplasia, cell atypia and mucous cell metaplasia, i.e., pathological entities considered as epithelial, possibly precancerous, lesions (EPPL). Interviews were conducted with next of kin of the deceased. Suitable autopsy specimens as well as completed interviews were eventually available for 275 subjects. EPPL score was regressed on the available independent variables. EPPL score was higher among active smokers than among nonsmokers, while ex-smokers occupied an intermediate position. Conditional on smoking habits, EPPL score was higher among women than among men and higher among manual than among non-manual workers, in agreement with the corresponding patterns with respect to lung cancer. Nonsmoking women married to ever smokers had significantly higher EPPL score than those married to never smokers. The overall findings of this study suggest that EPPL is a valuable indicator of lung cancer risk and that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is associated with higher EPPL levels and therefore with higher lung cancer risk. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/140349489602400406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,9]],"date-time":"2009-02-09T17:33:36Z","timestamp":1234200816000},"page":"259-263","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Epithelial, possibly precancerous, lesions of the lung in relation to                 smoking, passive smoking, and socio-demographic variables"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Agapitos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens,                         Greece"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Mollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of                         Turin, Turin, Italy"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Tomatis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Per L'Infantia, Trieste, Italy"}]},{"given":"Klea","family":"Katsouyanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Center for Cancer Prevention and Department of Epidemiology,                         Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, Department of Hygiene and                         Epidemiology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Loren","family":"Lipworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Center for Cancer Prevention and Department of Epidemiology,                         Harvard School of Public Health, Boston"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Delsedime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of                         Turin, Turin, Italy"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kalandidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Athens Medical                         School, Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Karakatsani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Athens Medical                         School, Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Elio","family":"Riboli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Agency for Research on Cancer (World Health Organization),                         Lyon, France"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Saracci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Agency for Research on Cancer (World Health Organization),                         Lyon, France"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Trichopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Center for Cancer Prevention and Department of Epidemiology,                         Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, Correspondence address:                         Dimitrios Trichopoulos Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public                         Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Tel: 617-432-4568,                         Fax: 617-566-7805"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,1]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. 38. 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