{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:45:34Z","timestamp":1777938334192,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]],"date-time":"2019-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Poland","award":["92\/HM\/2015; 17\/HMK\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92\/HM\/2015; 17\/HMK\/2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While homelessness and problem gambling are both recognised as social and public health concerns and the prevalence of addictive disorders among homeless populations tends to be high. These questions have been studied predominantly independently.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the study was to explore the co-occurrence of the two phenomena among the homeless population using shelters and night shelters in Warsaw, and, more specifically, to provide information about the forms and frequency of gambling in this homeless population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Homeless persons ( N = 690) were interviewed in rehabilitation-shelters ( n = 17) and night-shelters ( n = 2) in Warsaw from November 2015 until January 2016. The core component of the questionnaire was a screening test (Problem Gambling Severity Index). In addition, data regarding the intensity of gambling and various types of games or settings were collected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of problem gambling in this population of homeless people was 11.3%, whereas the prevalence of problem gambling in the general population in Poland is much lower (0.7%). Similarly to the general population, the most prevalent gambling games in the homeless population were lotteries; however, homeless people gambled in lotteries almost three times more often compared to the general population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first study examining the prevalence of problem gambling in the homeless population in Poland. The findings of the study suggest that problem gambling among the homeless is a significant social and public health concern. High rates of problem gambling in the homeless population show the need to identify and monitor this problem in shelters and consequently to provide easier access to gambling treatment or prevention programmes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1455072519860291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]],"date-time":"2019-07-11T23:13:40Z","timestamp":1562886820000},"page":"542-555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Screening of problem gambling among a homeless population in Warsaw"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9636-3695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Wieczorek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Study on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Stokwiszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Study on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justyna I","family":"Klingemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Study on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1455072519860291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.073"},{"key":"bibr27-1455072519860291","volume-title":"Estimation of the prevalence and identification of risk factors and protective factors of gambling, including problem (pathological) gambling and other behavioral addictions [Oszacowanie rozpowszechnienia oraz identyfikacja czynnik\u00f3w ryzyka i czynnik\u00f3w chroni\u0105cych w odniesieniu do hazardu, w tym hazardu problemowego (patologicznego) oraz innych uzale\u017cnie\u0144 behawioralnych]","author":"CBOS Report","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr2-1455072519860291","volume-title":"Oszacowanie rozpowszechnienia wybranych uzale\u017cnie\u0144 behawioralnych oraz analiza korelacji pomi\u0119dzy wyst\u0119powaniem uzale\u017cnie\u0144 behawioralnych a u\u017cywaniem substancji psychoaktywnych [Estimation of the prevalence of selected behavioural addictions and correlation analysis between the occurrence of behavioural addictions and the use of psychoactive substances]","author":"CBOS Report","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr28-1455072519860291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seps.2018.12.004"},{"issue":"10","key":"bibr3-1455072519860291","first-page":"173","volume":"109","author":"Erbas B.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt International"},{"key":"bibr4-1455072519860291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61132-6"},{"key":"bibr5-1455072519860291","volume-title":"The Canadian Problem Gambling Index user manual. Report to the Canadian inter-provincial task force on problem gambling","author":"Ferris J.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr7-1455072519860291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-014-9491-0"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr8-1455072519860291","first-page":"39","volume":"23","author":"Holdsworth L.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gambling Research"},{"key":"bibr9-1455072519860291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03300.x"},{"key":"bibr10-1455072519860291","volume-title":"Money, meaning and gambling: A qualitative study of the gambling experiences of some homeless people in inner Sydney. Darlinghurst, NSW","author":"Marsden A.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr11-1455072519860291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-014-9452-7"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr12-1455072519860291","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"Mor\u00e1n-S\u00e1nchez I.","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Medical Ethics"},{"key":"bibr13-1455072519860291","volume-title":"Sprawozdanie z realizacji dzia\u0142a\u0144 na rzecz ludzi bezdomnych w wojew\u00f3dztwach w roku 2014 oraz wyniki og\u00f3lnopolskiego badania liczby os\u00f3b bezdomnych (21\/22 stycze\u0144 2015) [Report on the implementation of measures for homeless people in regions in 2014 and the results of the nationwide survey on the number of homeless people (21\/22 January 2015)]","author":"MPiPS","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr14-1455072519860291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-013-9435-0"},{"key":"bibr15-1455072519860291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029812"},{"key":"bibr16-1455072519860291","unstructured":"Pindral A. (2011). Definicje i typologie bezdomno\u015bci [Definitions and typologies of homelessness]. In D\u0119bski M. (Ed.), Problem bezdomno\u015bci w Polsce. Wybrane aspekty. Diagnoza zespo\u0142u badawczego dzia\u0142aj\u0105cego w ramach projektu \u201cGminny standard wychodzenia z bezdomno\u015bci\u201d\n                      [\n                      The problem of homelessness in Poland. Selected aspects. Diagnosis of a research team under the project \u201cCommunal standard of leaving homelessness\u201d\n                      ]\n                      (pp. 31\u201351). Gda\u0144sk, Poland. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.old.monar.org\/content\/zdjecia\/Diagnoza_Zespol_Badawczy.pdf"},{"key":"bibr17-1455072519860291","first-page":"3","volume":"4","author":"Przyme\u0144ski A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Polityczno-spo\u0142eczna definicja i formy zjawiska [Homelessness. Political and social definition and forms of the phenomenon]. Praca Socjalna [Social Work]"},{"key":"bibr18-1455072519860291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(02)00101-0"},{"key":"bibr19-1455072519860291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/JA-120017387"},{"key":"bibr20-1455072519860291","volume-title":"Safe as houses: An exploration of the link between gambling and homelessness","author":"Rogers N.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr21-1455072519860291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/redy.1999.0088"},{"key":"bibr22-1455072519860291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.53.9.1112"},{"key":"bibr23-1455072519860291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-014-9444-7"},{"key":"bibr24-1455072519860291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.037"},{"key":"bibr25-1455072519860291","unstructured":"Sochocki M. (2010). Skala i charakter bezdomno\u015bci w Polsce [The scale and nature of homelessness in Poland]. In D\u0119bski M. (Ed.), Problem bezdomno\u015bci w Polsce. Wybrane aspekty diagnoza zespo\u0142u badawczego dzia\u0142aj\u0105cego w ramach projektu \u201cGminny standard wychodzenia z bezdomno\u015bci\u201d\n                      [\n                      The problem of homelessness in Poland. Selected aspects. Diagnosis of a research team under the project \u201cCommunal standard of leaving homelessness\u201d\n                      ]\n                      (pp. 96\u2013127). Gda\u0144sk, Poland. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.old.monar.org\/content\/zdjecia\/Diagnoza_Zespol_Badawczy.pdf"},{"key":"bibr26-1455072519860291","unstructured":"Wardle H., Moody A., Spence S., Orford J., Volberg R., Jotangia D., Dobbie F. (2011). British gambling prevalence survey 2010. Executive summary. 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