{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:19:06Z","timestamp":1790281146294,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614729600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Use of snus and snus-like nicotine products is increasing, in particular among young people, in several Nordic countries and Estonia, while snus is legally on the market only in Sweden and Norway. Snus is available in a great variety of tastes and packaging particularly catering for young users. Recently, strong snus-resembling nicotine pouches have emerged on the market. This research investigates the regulatory means to counteract this development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>European Union (EU) and national tobacco control legislation, case law of the European Court of Justice (CJEU) and relevant public health studies are analysed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The research finds that the judgement of the CJEU relating to the sale of snus on Finnish ferries has not been enforced. Permitted large traveller imports for personal use have contributed to wide availability of snus in Finland. Even if the legislation in Sweden is in conformity with the exemption it obtained in the Accession Treaty, the public health impact of snus use for young people in its neighbouring countries has become considerable. Nicotine pouches, -which are not regarded as medical products in terms of medicine legislation, lack harmonised EU-wide regulation. Controlling smuggling across open borders is challenging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The legislation at the EU and national levels should be able to protect young people from new tobacco and nicotine products. It is urgent to harmonise regulation relating to new tobacco and nicotine products taking as a base a high level of protection of health as required in the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1455072521995704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T05:53:01Z","timestamp":1614750781000},"page":"540-554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Snus and snus-like nicotine products moving across Nordic borders: Can laws protect young people?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Marjut","family":"Salokannel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4791-3088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eeva","family":"Ollila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Society of Finland, Finland, and University of Tampere, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr100-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Aftale (2019) National handleplan mod b\u00f8rn og unges rygning [National guidelines to prevent smoking among children and young people]. https:\/\/www.regeringen.dk\/media\/8732\/aftaletekst.pdf"},{"key":"bibr1-1455072521995704","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Araneda D., Korhonen T., Laatikainen T., Haukkala A., Rose R., Kaprio J. (2020). Association of snus experimentation in late adolescents with daily smoking in early adulthood: A longitudinal study among Finnish men. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 48(6), 638\u2013645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1403494819828868","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494819828868"},{"key":"bibr2-1455072521995704","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Digard H., Proctor C., Kularekaran A., Malmqvist U., Richter A. (2013). Determination of nicotine absorption from multiple tobacco products and nicotine gum. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 15(1), 255\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/nts123","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nts123"},{"key":"bibr3-1455072521995704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2014.7.0264rep"},{"key":"bibr4-1455072521995704","unstructured":"European Commission. (2010). Final report from the Commission to the Council on the implementation by the Kingdom of Sweden of the measures necessary to ensure that oral tobacco is not placed on the market in other Member States. COM\/2010\/0399. https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A52010DC0399"},{"key":"bibr5-1455072521995704","unstructured":"European Commission. (2012). Impact assessment accompanying the document Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning the manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco and related products. (Text with EEA relevance) SWD (2012) 452 final, Part 1, Brussels, 19 December 2012. https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/en\/ALL\/?uri=CELEX%3A52012SC0452"},{"key":"bibr6-1455072521995704","unstructured":"FCTC. (2012). Control and prevention of smokeless tobacco products. Report by the Convention Secretariat Conference of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control FCTC\/COP\/5\/12. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/gb\/fctc\/PDF\/cop5\/FCTC_COP5_12-en.pdf"},{"key":"bibr7-1455072521995704","author":"Felicione N. J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tobacco Control"},{"key":"bibr8-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Finnish Customs. (n.d). Crime statistics [\n                      Rikostilastot\n                      ]. Tulli.fi. https:\/\/tulli.fi\/web\/tullinvuosi\/rikostilastot"},{"key":"bibr10-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Folkehelseinstituttet. (2019). Helserisiko ved snusbruk [\n                      Health risks from snus use\n                      ]. Report version 2. Folkehelseinstituttet, Oslo. https:\/\/www.fhi.no\/en\/publ\/2019\/health-risks-from-snus-use2\/"},{"key":"bibr11-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Folkh\u00e4lsomyndigheten. (n.d). Public health data. http:\/\/fohm-app.folkhalsomyndigheten.se\/Folkhalsodata\/pxweb\/sv\/B_HLV\/B_HLV__aLevvanor__aagLevvanortobak\/hHLV_Tobaksvanor_alder.px\/?rxid=19215807-23cd-44cf-8f63-b1eed980d297"},{"key":"bibr12-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Horingsnotat. (2016). Forslag til endringer i tobakksforskriftene og ny forskrift om elektroniske sigaretter [Proposal for the change of tobacco statutes and new statute on electronic cigarettes]. https:\/\/www.regjeringen.no\/contentassets\/0598409ef5a445658f6ed202f95f2bfa\/horingsnotat-tobakksforskriftene.pdf"},{"key":"bibr13-1455072521995704","unstructured":"IARC. (2018). Smokeless tobacco. IARC Monographs 100E. https:\/\/monographs.iarc.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/mono100E-8.pdf"},{"key":"bibr14-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Kommitteedirektiv (2020:9). O\u00fcversyn av vissa fr\u00e1gor p\u00e1 tobaksomr\u00e1det [Committee directive 2020:9, Overview of certain questions in the area of tobacco]. https:\/\/www.regeringen.se\/rattsliga-dokument\/kommittedirektiv\/2020\/02\/dir.20209\/"},{"key":"bibr15-1455072521995704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494816656093"},{"key":"bibr16-1455072521995704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.152603"},{"key":"bibr17-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Miettinen S. (2020, 13 May). Fred Sellenberg on yksi tallinnalaisista, jotka hy\u00f6tyv\u00e4t suomalaisten paluusta: \u201cNikotiinipussit ovat aiheuttaneet kultakuumeen, jota voi verrata Neuvostoliiton hajoamiseen\u201d. [Fred Sellenberg is one of the Tallinn people who profit of the return of the Finns: \u201cNicotine pouches have caused a similar gold rush as collapse of the Soviet Union.\u201d]. Finnish broadcasting company YLE. https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-11328413"},{"key":"bibr18-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Ministry of Finance, Finland. (2020). Savukkeiden matkustajatuonti lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyi, nuuskan v\u00e4hentyi [\n                      Traveller imports of cigarettes increased, while those for snus decreased\n                      ]. Press release with graphics on traveller imports on cigarettes and snus. https:\/\/vm.fi\/artikkeli\/-\/asset_publisher\/savukkeiden-matkustajatuonti-lisaantyi-nuuskan-vahentyi&https:\/\/vm.fi\/documents\/10623\/17688657\/Savukkeiden+ja+nuuskan+matkustajatuonnin+kehitys+joulukuuhun+2019+asti\/f9c3d856-afb8-cfca-1b0d-13e31ef09e36\/Savukkeiden+ja+nuuskan+matkustajatuonnin+kehitys+joulukuuhun+2019+asti.pdf"},{"key":"bibr19-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Notifications under Article. 24(3) of Directive 2014\/40\/EU. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/health\/tobacco\/products\/notifications_en"},{"key":"bibr20-1455072521995704","volume-title":"Tobacco Control","author":"Ollila E","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr21-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Ollila H., Ruokolainen O. (2016). Tupakkatuotteiden yhteisk\u00e4ytt\u00f6 yl\u00e4kouluissa ja toisen asteen oppilaitoksissa 2000\u20132015 [\n                      Concomitant use of tobacco products in comprehensive school, vocational schools and high schools 2000\u20132015\n                      ]. Helsinki: National Institute for Health and Welfare THL. https:\/\/www.julkari.fi\/handle\/10024\/129898"},{"key":"bibr22-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Reile R., Tekkel M., Veideman T. (2019). Health behavior among Estonian adult population, 2018. National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn. http:\/\/pxweb.tai.ee\/PXWeb2015\/Resources\/PX\/Databases\/05Uuringud\/02TKU\/01Tervis\/TKUinfo_en.htm"},{"key":"bibr23-1455072521995704","first-page":"e145","volume":"29","author":"Robichaud M. O.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tobacco Control"},{"key":"bibr24-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Salminen P., Fonselius R., Ollila E. (2017). Uusi tupakkalaki tuli\u00a0\u2013 miten k\u00e4vi nuuskan maahantuonnin? [New Tobacco Act was enacted\u00a0\u2013 what happened to snus imports?]. Yhteiskuntapolitiikka, 82(1), 66\u201375. http:\/\/www.julkari.fi\/handle\/10024\/131759"},{"key":"bibr25-1455072521995704","unstructured":"SBU. (2020, 15 June). Samband mellan snus, e-cigaretter och tobaksr\u00f6kning. En systematisk \u00f6versikt. [Connection between snus, e-cigarettes and smoking of tobacco. A systematic overview] Sverige: SBU BEREDER. https:\/\/www.sbu.se\/en\/publications\/sbu-bereder\/associations-between-the-use-of-snus-moist-tobacco-or-electronic-cigarettes-and-tobacco-smoking\/"},{"key":"bibr26-1455072521995704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012837"},{"key":"bibr27-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR), Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General, European Commission. (2008). Health effects of smokeless tobacco products. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/health\/ph_risk\/committees\/04_scenihr\/docs\/scenihr_o_013.pdf"},{"key":"bibr28-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Sikkerhedsstyresen. (n.d.). Det er forbudt at s\u00e6lge snus i Danmark [It is forbidden to sell snus in Denmark]. https:\/\/www.sik.dk\/privat\/goer-det-sikkert\/sundhed-og-sikkerhed\/det-forbudt-saelge-snus-danmark#"},{"key":"bibr29-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Socialdepartementet. (2017). Proposition 2017\/18:156, Ny lag omtobak och liknande producter [New law relating to tobacco and similar products]. https:\/\/www.regeringen.se\/rattsliga-dokument\/proposition\/2018\/03\/prop.201718156\/"},{"key":"bibr30-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Sotkanet Indicator Bank. (n.d). School Health Promotion Study. National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL). Indicators available online. https:\/\/sotkanet.fi\/sotkanet\/en\/index"},{"key":"bibr31-1455072521995704","unstructured":"SOU. 2016:14, En \u00f6versyn av tobakslagen [Overview of tobacco law]. https:\/\/www.regeringen.se\/rattsliga-dokument\/statens-offentliga-utredningar\/2016\/03\/sou-201614\/"},{"key":"bibr32-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Statistics Norway. (n.d). R\u00f8yk, alkohol og andre rusmidler. Daglig snusbrukere og av-og-til-snusbrukere, etter kj\u00f8nn og alder (prosent) 2005 \u2013 2020. [Tobacco, alcohol and other drugs. daily snus users and occational snus users by gender and age (percentages) 2005-2020.]. Retrieved February 04, 2021, from https:\/\/www.ssb.no\/statbank\/table\/07692\/"},{"key":"bibr33-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Sundhedsstyrelsen. (2020). Unges brug af r\u00f8gfri tobak. N\u00f8gletal fra en sp\u00f8rgeskemaunders\u00f8gelse blandt unge 15-24-\u00e5rige. [Use of smoke free tobacco by young people. Some figures from a survey study among young people between ages 15-24.]. https:\/\/www.sst.dk\/-\/media\/Udgivelser\/2020\/R%C3%B8gfri-tobak\/Noegletal_Roegfri-Tobak.ashx?la=da&hash=16B0A81175FFC115CE620ECAFE68CC9409E82103"},{"key":"bibr34-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Swedish Match. (2020). Market for Smokefreee: Market development. https:\/\/www.swedishmatch.com\/Our-business\/smokefree\/Market-development\/"},{"key":"bibr35-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Tekkel M., Veideman T. (2013). Health behavior among Estonian adult population 2012. National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn. http:\/\/pxweb.tai.ee\/PXWeb2015\/Resources\/PX\/Databases\/05Uuringud\/02TKU\/01Tervis\/TKUinfo_en.htm"},{"key":"bibr36-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Tekkel M., Veideman T. (2015). Health behavior among Estonian adult population 2014. National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn. http:\/\/pxweb.tai.ee\/PXWeb2015\/Resources\/PX\/Databases\/05Uuringud\/02TKU\/01Tervis\/TKUinfo_en.htm"},{"key":"bibr37-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Tekkel M., Veideman T. (2017). Health behavior among Estonian adult population, 2016. National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn. http:\/\/pxweb.tai.ee\/PXWeb2015\/Resources\/PX\/Databases\/05Uuringud\/02TKU\/01Tervis\/TKUinfo_en.htm"},{"key":"bibr9-1455072521995704","unstructured":"THL [Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare]. (2019). Tupakkatilasto 2018 [\n                      Tobacco Statistics 2018\n                      ]. Tilastoraportit 44, Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare. https:\/\/www.julkari.fi\/handle\/10024\/138961"},{"key":"bibr38-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Tobacco Working Group. (2018). Tupakka- ja nikotiinipolitiikan kehitt\u00e4minen. Ty\u00f6ryhm\u00e4n toimenpide-ehdotukset [\n                      Report of the Working Group on developing tobacco and nicotine policies\n                      ]. Sosiaali- ja terveysministeri\u00f6n raportteja ja muistioita (21), Helsinki. http:\/\/urn.fi\/URN: ISBN:978-952-00-3934-9"},{"key":"bibr39-1455072521995704","volume-title":"Smoking\u201450 years of progress: A report of the Surgeon General","author":"USDHHS (US Department of Health and Human Services)","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr40-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Viarisio V. (2015). Nicotine as a health risk: Facts on smoking. German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg. https:\/\/www.dkfz.de\/de\/tabakkontrolle\/download\/Publikationen\/FzR\/FzR-Nicotine-as-a-Health-Risk-Web.pdf"},{"key":"bibr41-1455072521995704","unstructured":"CJEU Case C 151\/17, Swedish Match Ab v Secretary of State of Health, UK."},{"key":"bibr42-1455072521995704","unstructured":"CJEU Case C 221\/10 P, Artegodan v Commission."},{"key":"bibr43-1455072521995704","unstructured":"CJEU Case C 343\/05, Commission v Finland."},{"key":"bibr44-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Supreme Administrative Court of Finland KHO 2018:54. https:\/\/www.finlex.fi\/sv\/oikeus\/kho\/haku\/?search%5Btype%5D=pika&search%5Bpika%5D=HFD+2018%3A54&submit=S%C3%B6k+%E2%80%BA"},{"key":"bibr46-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Supreme Administrative Court of Finland HFD 2012:77. https:\/\/www.finlex.fi\/sv\/oikeus\/kho\/vuosikirjat\/2012\/201202436"},{"key":"bibr47-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Supreme Administrative Court of Finland HFD 2012:107. https:\/\/www.finlex.fi\/sv\/oikeus\/kho\/haku\/?search%5Btype%5D=pika&search%5Bpika%5D=HFD+2012%3A107&submit=S%C3%B6k+%E2%80%BA"},{"key":"bibr48-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Supreme Administrative Court of Finland HFD 2012:108. https:\/\/www.finlex.fi\/sv\/oikeus\/kho\/vuosikirjat\/2012\/201203342?search%5Btype%5D=pika&search%5Bpika%5D=HFD%202012%3A108%20"},{"key":"bibr45-1455072521995704","unstructured":"Supreme Administrative Court of Finland KHO 2019:92. https:\/\/www.finlex.fi\/sv\/oikeus\/kho\/haku\/?search%5Btype%5D=pika&search%5Bpika%5D=HFD+2019%3A92&submit=S%C3%B6k+%E2%80%BA"}],"container-title":["Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1455072521995704","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1455072521995704","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1455072521995704","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:36:48Z","timestamp":1777696608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1455072521995704"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1455072521995704"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1455072521995704","relation":{},"ISSN":["1455-0725","1458-6126"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1455-0725","type":"print"},{"value":"1458-6126","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]}}}