{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T08:51:55Z","timestamp":1789462315534,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bayerisches Staatsministerium f\u00fcr Justiz"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Aims: Opioid addiction is a common problem among prisoners. The aim of this study was to examine differences between people who are incarcerated receiving opioid substitution treatment (OST) and those not receiving OST on addiction-related outcome variables during incarceration and after release from prison. Variables covered illicit use of opioids, non-prescribed substitution medication and other substances, opioid withdrawal symptoms, opioid craving, non-fatal overdoses and post-release substitution treatment. Design: Interviews (European Addiction Severity Index, EuropASI) were conducted with 247 participants in German prisons before release. Participants were interviewed again 1 month and 3\u20136 months after release from prison. Results: During incarceration, participants who received OST used less illicit opioids and non-prescribed substitution medication than those who did not receive OST. After release from prison, participants in the OST group reported less illicit opioid use and less non-prescribed substitution medication use, as well as less opioid craving. Participants who received OST in prison were more likely to be in OST at post-release follow-up than those who had not received in-prison OST. Conclusion: OST appears to have a positive effect on illicit opioid use and craving both in prison and after release, as well as on treatment at follow-up, which can be considered a protective factor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14550725241276309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T12:24:36Z","timestamp":1729167876000},"page":"640-655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Opioid substitution treatment, relapse and addiction-related outcomes in prison setting and after release: A longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9025-9658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerstin","family":"Gei\u00dfels\u00f6der","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Psychological Assessment, Quantitative Methods and Forensic Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maren","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, SRH Wilhelm L\u00f6he Hochschule, F\u00fcrth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klara","family":"Boks\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Psychological Assessment, Quantitative Methods and Forensic Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Dechant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Psychological Assessment, Quantitative Methods and Forensic Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johann","family":"Endres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bavarian Prison Service Criminological Research Unit, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maike","family":"Breuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bavarian Prison Service Criminological Research Unit, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Stemmler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Psychological Assessment, Quantitative Methods and Forensic Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Wodarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addiction Research, the University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230701829553"},{"key":"bibr2-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2005.02.007"},{"key":"bibr3-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2011.568786"},{"key":"bibr4-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230096093"},{"key":"bibr5-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13339"},{"key":"bibr6-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12969"},{"key":"bibr7-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00258024221118971"},{"key":"bibr8-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.002"},{"key":"bibr9-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.11.023"},{"key":"bibr10-14550725241276309","unstructured":"Bundes\u00e4rztekammer. (2023).\n                      Richtlinie der Bundes\u00e4r-ztekammer zur Durchf\u00fchrung der substitution-sgest\u00fctzten Behandlung Opioidabh\u00e4ngiger\n                      . [German Medical Association. (2023). Guideline of the German Medical Association on the implementation of substitution-assisted treatment for opioid addicts.] https:\/\/www.bundesaerztekammer.de\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/BAEK\/Themen\/Public_Health\/Richtlinien\/Richtlinie-BAEK-Substitution_16.02.2023.pdf"},{"key":"bibr11-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab158"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr12-14550725241276309","volume":"19","author":"Crowley D.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heroin Addiction and Related Clinical Problems"},{"key":"bibr13-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61530-5"},{"key":"bibr14-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(03)00187-X"},{"key":"bibr15-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01050.x"},{"key":"bibr16-14550725241276309","volume-title":"Drogen- und Suchtbericht 2019","author":"Drogenbeauftragte der Bundesregierung","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr17-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11757-015-0348-x"},{"key":"bibr18-14550725241276309","volume-title":"Prison and drugs in Europe: Current and future challenges","author":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","year":"2022"},{"key":"bibr19-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.02081.x"},{"key":"bibr20-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1139370"},{"key":"bibr21-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.05.022"},{"key":"bibr22-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2003.00296.x"},{"key":"bibr23-14550725241276309","volume-title":"European Addiction Severity Index EuropASI: Nach dem amerikanischen Original von T. McLellan, 5. Ed., 1992, und der europ\u00e4ischen Version EuropASI von A. Kokkevi, Ch. Hartgers, P. Blanken, E.-M. Fahrner, G. Pozzi, E. Tempesta & A. Uchtenhagen (1993)","author":"Gsellhofer B.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr24-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-10-24"},{"key":"bibr25-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03676.x"},{"key":"bibr26-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7211.670"},{"key":"bibr27-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-021-00480-w"},{"key":"bibr28-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480701415251"},{"key":"bibr29-14550725241276309","unstructured":"Johnson S. L. (2001).\n                      Impact of institutional methadone maintenance treatment on release outcome\n                      (Forum on corrections research focusing on alcohol and drugs No. 3). Correctional Service of Canada, Research Branch."},{"key":"bibr30-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-019-0301-y"},{"key":"bibr31-14550725241276309","volume-title":"Institutional Methadone Maintenance Treatment: Impact on Release Outcome and Institutional Behaviour","author":"Johnson S. L.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr32-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14550725221125378"},{"key":"bibr33-14550725241276309","volume-title":"Opioid substitution treatment in custodial settings.: A practical guide","author":"Kastelic A.","year":"2009"},{"issue":"9","key":"bibr34-14550725241276309","first-page":"137","volume":"116","author":"Kraus L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Deutsches Arzteblatt International"},{"key":"bibr35-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0b013e3181873784"},{"key":"bibr36-14550725241276309","unstructured":"L\u00e4nderarbeitsgruppe \u201cBundeseinheitliche Erhebung zur stoffgebundenen Suchtproblematik im Justizvollzug\u201d. (2022).\n                      J\u00e4hrliches Fact-Sheet zur stoffgebundenen Suchtproblematik in bundesdeutschen Justizvollzugsanstalten: Stichtagsdaten vom 31.03.2022 zur Konsumeinsch\u00e4tzung.\n                      [Working group of the German federal states on a \u201cuniform national survey on drug-related problems in the prison system\u201d. (2022).\n                      Annual factsheet on drug-related problems in German prisons: Key data on drug use as of 31.03.\n                      2022]."},{"key":"bibr37-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000313336"},{"key":"bibr38-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e5945"},{"key":"bibr39-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003002"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr40-14550725241276309","author":"Mattick R. P.","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"bibr41-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0740-5472(92)90062-S"},{"key":"bibr42-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.02990.x"},{"key":"bibr43-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-021-00373-9"},{"key":"bibr44-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-156"},{"key":"bibr45-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2018.12.003"},{"key":"bibr46-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11536020-000000000-00000"},{"key":"bibr47-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13193"},{"key":"bibr48-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14550725211018082"},{"key":"bibr49-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14550725231204723"},{"key":"bibr50-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000149631"},{"key":"bibr51-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2015.12.024"},{"key":"bibr52-14550725241276309","first-page":"27","volume":"7","author":"Sharma A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"bibr53-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774513504151"},{"key":"bibr54-14550725241276309","unstructured":"Sindicich N., Zador D., Larney S., Dolan K. (2016).\n                      Patient motivations, perceptions and experiences of opioid substitution therapy in prison\n                      (Technical Report Number 332; Funded by Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network). National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales."},{"key":"bibr55-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2006.11.015"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr56-14550725241276309","first-page":"1","volume":"18","author":"Strain E. C.","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"key":"bibr57-14550725241276309","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2023).\n                      World drug report 2023\n                      ."},{"key":"bibr58-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.10.006"},{"key":"bibr59-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.01767.x"},{"key":"bibr60-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00794"},{"key":"bibr61-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)05356-2"},{"key":"bibr62-14550725241276309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1399-9286"},{"key":"bibr63-14550725241276309","volume-title":"Opiatabh\u00e4ngigkeit. Interdisziplin\u00e4re Aspekte f\u00fcr die Praxis","author":"Werner W.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr64-14550725241276309","unstructured":"Wittchen H-U, B\u00fchringer G., Rehm J. (2011).\n                      PREMOS - predictors, moderators and outcome of substitution treatments \u2013 Effekte der langfristigen Substitution Opioidabh\u00e4ngiger: Pr\u00e4diktoren, Moderatoren und Outcome: Schlussbericht an das Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Gesundheit\n                      . Dresden. Institut f\u00fcr Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie & Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden."}],"container-title":["Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14550725241276309","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/14550725241276309","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14550725241276309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:38:02Z","timestamp":1777696682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/14550725241276309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/14550725241276309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14550725241276309","relation":{},"ISSN":["1455-0725","1458-6126"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1455-0725","type":"print"},{"value":"1458-6126","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]}}}