{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:47:01Z","timestamp":1777938421026,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the strategies and tactics of the alcohol industry during the COVID-19 pandemic in Botswana, a time when the country implemented a hard lockdown with strict restrictions on the sale, distribution and consumption of alcohol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A qualitative content analysis was conducted of newspaper articles (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 11), policy documents (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2) and other online sources (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2) published between 2020 and 2021.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study shows that the alcohol industry was actively involved in influencing alcohol policy during the COVID-19 pandemic in Botswana. It mainly employed five main strategic framings, emphasising individual drinking behaviour, corporate social responsibility as a \u201cgood\u201d deed, downplaying alcohol's role in COVID harm, treating the Botswana government as a \u201cstrategic partner\u201d and using legal action to influence policy towards commercial interests to contradict public health protocols.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The activities by the alcohol industry during the COVID-19 provide insight into the increasing influence that industry actors have in Botswana policy-making. The studied strategies undermine public health interventions, demonstrating the urgent need to determine how this business sector impact health interventions in low and middle-income countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/14550725251407459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T12:37:06Z","timestamp":1766752626000},"page":"45-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Examining the Strategies and Tactics of the Alcohol Industry During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Botswana"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2428-9091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tebogo B.","family":"Sebeelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, University of Botswana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Are UK alcohol industry political donations intended to influence public health choices? \u2013 analysis of publicly available data on donations and lobbying","volume":"22","author":"Acton C.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Acton C., Hawkins B. 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