{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:47:03Z","timestamp":1777938423329,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016238","name":"Alkoholitutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["The Structures of Alcohol, Drug and Gambling Polit"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["The Structures of Alcohol, Drug and Gambling Polit"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016238","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alcohol, drugs and gambling are subject to governmental control policies and regulation. We have investigated how supporters of regulation\/criminality of drug use and liberals advocating more lenient control provide arguments on the governmental control policies and regulation on addiction policies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We organized three experiments in Helsinki, Finland, in 2023 on the argumentation on alcohol, drug and gambling policies. Altogether, 98 lay persons, mainly students at the University of Helsinki, participated in the experiments. As a method, we employed the imitation game, which can be used to measure how knowledgeable members of a social group are regarding the knowledge of another group. The method produces both quantitative and qualitative data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>On drug policy, supporters and opponents of criminality of drug use were asymmetrically segregated. The opponents of criminality were in a minority and were more knowledgeable of the knowledge and beliefs of the majority supporting criminality. When it came to the alcohol and gambling policy fields, both supporters and opponents of regulation had more symmetrical relations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results can be used for addiction policies and anticipating emerging new lines of argumentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/14550725261417462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T14:12:12Z","timestamp":1773756732000},"page":"147-164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Lines of Argumentation of Alcohol, Drug and Gambling Policies in Finland"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7347-5179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilkka","family":"Arminen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Simonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Rydman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0001699318786361"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","volume-title":"Alcohol: No ordinary commodity: Research and public policy","author":"Babor T. F.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Babor T. F., Caetano R., Casswell S., Edwards G., Giesbrecht N., Graham K., Grube J., Hill L., Holder H., Homel R., Livingston M., \u00d6sterberg E., Rehm J., Room R., Rossow I. (2023). Alcohol: No ordinary commodity: Research and public policy (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","volume-title":"Alcohol control policies in public health perspective","author":"Bruun K.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Bruun K., Edwards G., Lumio M., M\u00e4kel\u00e4 K., Pan L., Popham R., Room R., Schmidt W., Skog \u00d8-J, Sulkunen P., \u00d6sterberg E. (1975). Alcohol control policies in public health perspective. Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"Pekka Kuusi ja yhteiskunnallinen alkoholitutkimus","volume":"42","author":"Bruun K.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Bruun K., M\u00e4kel\u00e4 K. (1977). Pekka Kuusi ja yhteiskunnallinen alkoholitutkimus. Alkoholipolitiikka, 42(4), 167\u2013172.","journal-title":"Alkoholipolitiikka"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-14335-0_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/wentk\/9780190262419.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226113623.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0038038512455735"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","volume-title":"Rahapelitarjonnan teht\u00e4v\u00e4 ja julkisuuskuva Suomessa: Haastattelututkimus rahapelipoliittisista mielipiteist\u00e4","author":"Egerer M. D.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Egerer M. D., Alanko A. M., Hellman C. M. E., J\u00e4rvinen-Tassopoulos J., Koivula P., Lerkkanen T. M. M. (2018). Rahapelitarjonnan teht\u00e4v\u00e4 ja julkisuuskuva Suomessa: Haastattelututkimus rahapelipoliittisista mielipiteist\u00e4. Helsingin yliopisto."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1455072518807792"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687630701392008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16993\/bbo.h"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7391-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","volume-title":"Alcohol, society, and the state: A comparative study of alcohol control","author":"M\u00e4kel\u00e4 K.","year":"1981","unstructured":"M\u00e4kel\u00e4 K., Room R., Single E., Sulkunen P., Walsh B. (1981). Alcohol, society, and the state: A comparative study of alcohol control. Addiction Research Foundation."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","volume-title":"The gambling establishment: Challenging the power of the modern gambling industry and its allies","author":"Orford J.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Orford J. (2020). The gambling establishment: Challenging the power of the modern gambling industry and its allies. Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16066350500053703"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","unstructured":"Rahapelipoliittinen ohjelma. (2022). [The gambling policy program]. Valtioneuvoston julkaisuja 2022:40."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17870-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","unstructured":"Sailas H. Brax T. Matilainen R. Alkio M. (2023). Esiselvitys rahapelij\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n vaihtoehdoista [Preliminary review of alternative models for the gambling system]. Sis\u00e4ministeri\u00f6."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00016993231156488"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcm.2025.100915"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01979183231154555"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198817321.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","volume-title":"Medicalising prohibition: Harm reduction in Finnish and international drug policy","author":"Tammi T.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tammi T. (2007). Medicalising prohibition: Harm reduction in Finnish and international drug policy. Stakes."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009145099902600203"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","unstructured":"Valtioneuvosto. (2023) Vahva ja v\u00e4litt\u00e4v\u00e4 Suomi. 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