{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:30:52Z","timestamp":1790058652689,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]],"date-time":"2016-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chest-wall contouring surgery is an important part of the gender reassignment process that contributes to strengthening the self-image and facilitating living in the new gender role. Here, we analyze the surgical techniques used in our clinic and report the results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Female-to-male transgender patients (n\u2009=\u200957) undergoing chest-wall contouring surgery at Tampere University Hospital between January 2003 and April 2015 were enrolled in the study. Breast appearance was evaluated and either a concentric circular approach or a transverse incision technique was used for mastectomy. Patient characteristics and data regarding the technique and postoperative results were collected and analyzed retrospectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In addition to the transgender diagnosis, 40.4% of the patients had another psychiatric diagnosis. For mastectomy, a concentric circular approach was used in 50.9% and a transverse incision approach in 49.1% of the patients. In the transverse incision group, 21.4% of the patients underwent pedicled mammaplasty and 78.6% mastectomy with a free nipple\u2013areola complex graft. Compared with the transverse incision group, breasts were smaller (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and body mass index value was lower in the concentric circular group (p\u2009=\u20090.001). One-third of the patients had complications (hematoma, infection, seroma, fistula, or partial necrosis of nipple\u2013areola complex) and the reoperation rate was 8.8%. Hematoma was the most frequent reason for reoperation. Corrections were required for the scar in 14.0% of the patients, the contour in 28.0%, the areola in 15.8%, and the nipple in 5.3%. Secondary corrections were needed more often in the concentric circular (55.2%) than in the transverse incision group (25.0%; p\u2009=\u20090.031).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The larger the breast, poorer the skin quality, and greater the amount of excess skin, the longer the required incision and resulting scar is for mastectomy of female-to-male patients. Hematoma is the most common reason for acute reoperation and secondary corrections are often needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1457496916645964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]],"date-time":"2016-04-22T23:24:00Z","timestamp":1461367440000},"page":"74-79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Chest-wall contouring surgery in female-to-male transgender patients: A one-center retrospective analysis of applied surgical techniques and results"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"K\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4inen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Salonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Helminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere and Science Centre, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Karhunen-Enckell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1457496916645964","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000434415.70711.49"},{"key":"bibr2-1457496916645964","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199501000-00012"},{"key":"bibr3-1457496916645964","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000299921.15447.b2"},{"key":"bibr4-1457496916645964","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.10.016"},{"key":"bibr5-1457496916645964","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2012.02939.x"},{"key":"bibr6-1457496916645964","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2011.11.053"},{"key":"bibr7-1457496916645964","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002660010076"},{"key":"bibr8-1457496916645964","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/003588413X13511609957290"},{"key":"bibr9-1457496916645964","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2007.12.009"},{"key":"bibr10-1457496916645964","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2007.10.049"},{"key":"bibr11-1457496916645964","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.09.029"},{"key":"bibr12-1457496916645964","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-009-9551-1"},{"key":"bibr13-1457496916645964","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03625.x"},{"key":"bibr14-1457496916645964","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-006-0002-3"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1457496916645964","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1457496916645964","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1457496916645964","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:55:43Z","timestamp":1777697743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1457496916645964"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1457496916645964"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1457496916645964","relation":{},"ISSN":["1457-4969","1799-7267"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1457-4969","type":"print"},{"value":"1799-7267","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]]}}}