{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:55:52Z","timestamp":1777938952281,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"K2M via innosurge","award":["Clinical Research institute HUCH, project number 7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Clinical Research institute HUCH, project number 7"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004374","name":"Medtronic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERP-2018-11372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERP-2018-11372"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spondylolysis is a common cause of lower back pain during youth. The aim of this study is to report the bony union rate and risk factors for non-union of the lumbar spondylolysis of pediatric patients treated with a rigid thoracolumbosacral orthosis (Boston brace).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective review of 68 children (mean age = 13.9\u2009years) treated for spondylolysis with a thoracolumbosacral orthosis. Patient charts and imaging studies were evaluated to identify the bony union rate of the spondylolysis after a minimum of 3\u2009months of immobilization (mean = 4.2\u2009months). Laterality, grade, level, and presence of high signal intensity in the magnetic resonance imaging were evaluated as prognostic factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-eight patients presented with 110 defects. Of them, 46 (42%) were incomplete fractures, 38 (35%) complete fractures, and 26 (24%) pseudoarthrosis. Of these defects, 38 (82.6%), 11 (28.9%), and 0 (0.0%) had bony union at the end of the treatment (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Unilateral defects healed significantly better than bilateral ones (relative risk = 1.71, 95% confidence interval = 1.16\u20132.54, 17\/26 (65%) vs 32\/84 (38%), p\u2009=\u20090.014). High signal intensity in the magnetic resonance images before the treatment predicted healing (relative risk = 13.24, 95% confidence interval = 1.93\u201391.01, 48\/87 (55%) vs 1\/24 (4.3%), p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The level of the spondylolysis (L5 vs above L5) did not affect the healing rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The union rates of spondylolysis with a thoracolumbosacral orthosis were similar as compared to earlier studies done with a low thoracolumbosacral orthosis. The grade of the defect, laterality, and presence of high signal intensity increased the probability of bony union. A high thoracolumbosacral orthosis (underarm) does not seem to improve the healing rate of pediatric spondylolysis defects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1457496919896998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,2]],"date-time":"2020-01-02T00:16:40Z","timestamp":1577924200000},"page":"271-275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Radiographic Outcomes of Immobilization using Boston Brace for Pediatric Spondylolysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4516-5875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Virkki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Holstila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Mattila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Pajulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Helenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1457496919896998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466050-00008"},{"key":"bibr2-1457496919896998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181b4abbe"},{"key":"bibr3-1457496919896998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197557010-00003"},{"key":"bibr4-1457496919896998","first-page":"68","volume":"117","author":"Jackson DW","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"bibr5-1457496919896998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.61B3.383720"},{"key":"bibr6-1457496919896998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.92B8.22883"},{"key":"bibr7-1457496919896998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B4.7615609"},{"key":"bibr8-1457496919896998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.86B2.14339"},{"key":"bibr9-1457496919896998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.2.SPINE10914"},{"key":"bibr10-1457496919896998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001931"},{"key":"bibr11-1457496919896998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860100326"},{"key":"bibr12-1457496919896998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200201150-00012"},{"key":"bibr13-1457496919896998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1307337"},{"key":"bibr14-1457496919896998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1995.02170130017004"},{"key":"bibr15-1457496919896998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181977fc5"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1457496919896998","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1457496919896998","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1457496919896998","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:57:42Z","timestamp":1777697862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1457496919896998"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1457496919896998"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1457496919896998","relation":{},"ISSN":["1457-4969","1799-7267"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1457-4969","type":"print"},{"value":"1799-7267","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]}}}