{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T01:07:00Z","timestamp":1773104820545,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,26]],"date-time":"2016-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Informatics J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The number and timing of unplanned admissions to inpatient teaching services vary. Recent changes to resident duty hours make it essential to maximize learning experiences and balance workload on these services. Queueing theory provides a mechanism for understanding and planning for the variations in admissions and daily census. Daily admissions, length of stay, and daily census were modeled for a teaching inpatient family medicine service over 46\u2009months using an M\/G\/\u221e queueing model. Q\u2013Q plots and a Kolmogorov\u2013Smirnov test were used to check the fit of actual data to the model. Admissions and daily census followed a Poisson distribution (\u03bb\u2009=\u20093.28 and \u03bb\u2009=\u20098.28, respectively), while length-of-stay followed a lognormal distribution (\u00b5\u2009=\u20090.49, \u03c32\u2009=\u20090.83). The M\/G\/\u221e queueing model proved useful for predicting overflow admission frequency, defining expected resident workload in terms of patient-days, and determining hospital unit size requirements. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1460458214565949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,22]],"date-time":"2015-01-22T03:02:57Z","timestamp":1421895777000},"page":"429-439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Using the M\/G\/\u221e queueing model to predict inpatient family medicine service census and resident workload"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Gregory M","family":"Garrison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L","family":"Pecina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1460458214565949","unstructured":"Draft of Proposed ACGME Program Requirements for Graduate Medical Education in Family Medicine, http:\/\/www.afmrd.org\/files\/PD%20Toolbox\/RC-FM_Handout_2_Draft_Proposed_Program_Requirements_for_GME_in_FM.pdf (2012, accessed 17 June 2013)."},{"key":"bibr2-1460458214565949","unstructured":"The ACGME 2011 Duty Hour Standards: enhancing quality of care, supervision, and resident professional development, http:\/\/www.acgme-2010standards.org\/pdf\/monographs\/jgme-monograph.pdf (2011, accessed 25 July 2012)."},{"key":"bibr3-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0745"},{"key":"bibr4-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6920-6-35"},{"key":"bibr5-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.9.1088"},{"key":"bibr6-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-010-1465-z"},{"key":"bibr7-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.12.012"},{"key":"bibr8-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-010-1345-6"},{"key":"bibr9-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.714"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr10-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.128","volume":"171","author":"O\u2019Leary KJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"bibr11-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118625651"},{"key":"bibr12-1460458214565949","volume-title":"Queueing theory","author":"Adan I","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr13-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2005.07.034"},{"key":"bibr14-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024457800682"},{"key":"bibr15-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10729-007-9009-8"},{"key":"bibr16-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200405000-00032"},{"key":"bibr17-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10729-011-9163-x"},{"key":"bibr18-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M2977"},{"key":"bibr19-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.35.1.35"},{"key":"bibr20-1460458214565949","volume-title":"An introduction to categorical data analysis","author":"Agresti A","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr21-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10729-005-2012-z"},{"key":"bibr22-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09589.x"},{"key":"bibr23-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009601732387"},{"key":"bibr24-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199806000-00014"},{"key":"bibr25-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2331"},{"key":"bibr26-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2348342"},{"key":"bibr27-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2011-016"},{"key":"bibr28-1460458214565949","volume-title":"Models for count data with overdispersion","author":"Rodriguez G","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr29-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/07-0043.1"},{"key":"bibr30-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(79)90070-5"},{"key":"bibr31-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.11.019"},{"key":"bibr32-1460458214565949","unstructured":"Armony M, Israelit S, Mandelbaum A, Patient flow in hospitals: a data-based queueing-science perspective. Stoch Syst 2011, http:\/\/mechroom.technion.ac.il\/serveng\/References\/Patient%20flow%20main.pdf"},{"key":"bibr33-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.9.1023"},{"key":"bibr34-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-010-1558-8"},{"key":"bibr35-1460458214565949","volume-title":"Physics","author":"Ohanian HC","year":"1989","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr36-1460458214565949","volume-title":"Paper presented at program directors workshop","author":"Martin J"},{"key":"bibr37-1460458214565949","unstructured":"Whitt W. The infinite-server queueing model: the center of the many-server Queueing Universe (i.e., More Relevant Than It Might Seem), http:\/\/www.columbia.edu\/~ww2040\/8100S12\/ISqueue021412.pdf (2012, accessed 18 June 2013)."},{"key":"bibr38-1460458214565949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2013.01.120107"},{"key":"bibr39-1460458214565949","volume-title":"Empirical model building and response surfaces","author":"Box GEP","year":"1987"}],"container-title":["Health Informatics Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1460458214565949","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1460458214565949","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1460458214565949","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T04:55:14Z","timestamp":1740891314000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1460458214565949"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,26]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1460458214565949"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1460458214565949","relation":{},"ISSN":["1460-4582","1741-2811"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1460-4582","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2811","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,26]]}}}