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While the popular press often attributes data breaches to external hackers, most breaches are the result of employee carelessness and\/or failure to comply with information security policies and procedures. To change employee behavior, we borrow from the organizational climate literature and introduce the Information Security Climate Index, developed and validated using two pilot samples. In this study, four categories of healthcare professionals (certified nursing assistants, dentists, pharmacists, and physician assistants) were surveyed. Likert-type items were used to assess the Information Security Climate Index, information security motivation, and information security behaviors. Study results indicated that the Information Security Climate Index was related to better employee information security motivation and information security behaviors. In addition, there were observed differences between occupational groups with pharmacists reporting a more favorable climate and behaviors than physician assistants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1460458219832048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]],"date-time":"2019-03-14T03:04:53Z","timestamp":1552532693000},"page":"461-473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Information security climate and the assessment of information security risk among healthcare employees"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Stacey R","family":"Kessler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Montclair State University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shani","family":"Pindek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Kleinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montclair State University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie A","family":"Andel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul E","family":"Spector","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1460458219832048","unstructured":"Doyle K. 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