{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:39:54Z","timestamp":1780472394468,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DPI2016-78831-C2-2-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DPI2016-78831-C2-2-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202050\/2015-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202050\/2015-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["207688\/2014-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["207688\/2014-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003176","name":"Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n, Cultura y Deporte","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES-2014-068289"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES-2014-068289"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003176","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Informatics J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Tight blood glucose control reduces the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes. However, this is very difficult due to the large intra-individual variability and other factors that affect glycaemic control. The main limiting factor to achieve strict control of glucose levels in patients on intensive insulin therapy is the risk of severe hypoglycaemia. Therefore, hypoglycaemia is the main safety problem in the treatment of type 1 diabetes, negatively affecting the quality of life of patients suffering from this disease. Decision support tools based on machine learning methods have become a viable way to enhance patient safety by anticipating adverse glycaemic events. This study proposes the application of four machine learning algorithms to tackle the problem of safety in diabetes management: (1) grammatical evolution for the mid-term continuous prediction of blood glucose levels, (2) support vector machines to predict hypoglycaemic events during postprandial periods, (3) artificial neural networks to predict hypoglycaemic episodes overnight, and (4) data mining to profile diabetes management scenarios. The proposal consists of the combination of prediction and classification capabilities of the implemented approaches. The resulting system significantly reduces the number of episodes of hypoglycaemia, improving safety and providing patients with greater confidence in decision-making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1460458219850682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,14]],"date-time":"2019-06-14T02:24:01Z","timestamp":1560479041000},"page":"703-718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Prediction and prevention of hypoglycaemic events in type-1 diabetic patients using machine learning"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6884-9789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep","family":"Veh\u00ed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat de Girona, Spain; Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Oviedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat de Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3356-8375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lyvia","family":"Biagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Bertachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat de Girona, Spain; Federal University of Technology \u2013 Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291401"},{"key":"bibr2-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1624"},{"key":"bibr3-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052187"},{"key":"bibr4-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.5.1245"},{"key":"bibr5-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2009.2036073"},{"key":"bibr6-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-2035"},{"key":"bibr7-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-002-0822-9"},{"key":"bibr8-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.46.2.271"},{"key":"bibr9-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2011.0292"},{"key":"bibr10-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2016.0319"},{"key":"bibr11-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2016.0421"},{"key":"bibr12-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/10775"},{"key":"bibr13-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296814554260"},{"key":"bibr14-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-015-1320-9"},{"key":"bibr15-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2012.2219876"},{"key":"bibr16-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-017-0788-2"},{"key":"bibr17-1460458219850682","first-page":"3297","volume":"2008","author":"Zhang Y","year":"2008","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"bibr18-1460458219850682","first-page":"130","volume-title":"2013 9th international conference on innovations in information technology (IIT)","author":"Eljil KS"},{"key":"bibr19-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2012.0285"},{"key":"bibr20-1460458219850682","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on artificial intelligence for diabetes (AID)","author":"Dubosson F"},{"key":"bibr21-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2018.0079"},{"key":"bibr22-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2004.839639"},{"key":"bibr23-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/25\/4\/010"},{"key":"bibr24-1460458219850682","first-page":"A24","volume-title":"Abstracts from ATTD 2017 10th international conference on advanced technologies & treatments for diabetes","author":"Ozaslan B"},{"key":"bibr25-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2013.0051"},{"key":"bibr26-1460458219850682","unstructured":"Group A. Java Evolutionary COmputation library (JECO), 2015, https:\/\/github.com\/ABSysGroup\/jeco"},{"key":"bibr27-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2012.2185234"},{"key":"bibr28-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187754"},{"key":"bibr29-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.2833"},{"key":"bibr30-1460458219850682","volume-title":"Learning with Kernels: support vector machines, regularization, optimization, and beyond","author":"Scho\u00cc\u0139lkopf B","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr31-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.7.1144"},{"key":"bibr32-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0541"},{"key":"bibr33-1460458219850682","volume-title":"Neural networks and learning machines","author":"Haykin SS","year":"2009","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr34-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198538493.001.0001","volume-title":"Neural networks for pattern recognition. Advanced texts in econometrics","author":"Chris Bishop J","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr35-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.3"},{"key":"bibr36-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2008.239"},{"key":"bibr37-1460458219850682","unstructured":"Medtronic.CareLink Pro\/Personal Therapy Management Software, 2015, http:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/75TLrQy6y"},{"key":"bibr38-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2005.844059"},{"key":"bibr39-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-003-0346-3"},{"key":"bibr40-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2017.0054"},{"key":"bibr41-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2016.08.022"},{"key":"bibr42-1460458219850682","first-page":"60","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on knowledge discovery in healthcare data","author":"Marling C"},{"key":"bibr43-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296813514502"},{"key":"bibr44-1460458219850682","first-page":"2363","volume-title":"2015 37th annual international conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","volume":"2015","author":"Vettoretti M"},{"key":"bibr45-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2795(75)90109-9"},{"key":"bibr46-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.10.5.622"},{"key":"bibr47-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-32703-7_222"},{"key":"bibr48-1460458219850682","first-page":"90","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on knowledge discovery in healthcare data (KDH)","author":"Contreras I"},{"key":"bibr49-1460458219850682","first-page":"8","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on knowledge discovery in healthcare data (KDH)","author":"Biagi L"},{"key":"bibr50-1460458219850682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280218808819"}],"container-title":["Health Informatics Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1460458219850682","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1460458219850682","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1460458219850682","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:30:37Z","timestamp":1777501837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1460458219850682"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1460458219850682"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1460458219850682","relation":{},"ISSN":["1460-4582","1741-2811"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1460-4582","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2811","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]]}}}