{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T16:15:46Z","timestamp":1776442546224,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"U.S. National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R21CA218231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21CA218231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"U.S. National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","award":["UL1TR001998"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001998"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Informatics J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The fat acceptance (FA) movement aims to counteract weight stigma and discrimination against individuals who are overweight\/obese. We developed a supervised neural network model to classify sentiment toward the FA movement in tweets and identify links between FA sentiment and various Twitter user characteristics. We collected any tweet containing either \u201cfat acceptance\u201d or \u201c#fatacceptance\u201d from 2010\u20132019 and obtained 48,974 unique tweets. We independently labeled 2000 of them and implemented\/trained an Average stochastic gradient descent Weight-Dropped Long Short-Term Memory (AWD-LSTM) neural network that incorporates transfer learning from language modeling to automatically identify each tweet\u2019s stance toward the FA movement. Our model achieved nearly 80% average precision and recall in classifying \u201csupporting\u201d and \u201copposing\u201d tweets. Applying this model to the complete dataset, we observed that the majority of tweets at the beginning of the last decade supported FA, but sentiment trended downward until 2016, when support was at its lowest. Overall, public sentiment is negative across Twitter. Users who tweet more about FA or use FA-related hashtags are more supportive than general users. Our findings reveal both challenges to and strengths of the modern FA movement, with implications for those who wish to reduce societal weight stigma. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14604582211065702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T05:32:50Z","timestamp":1641447170000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Tracking sentiments toward fat acceptance over a decade on Twitter"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6921-0597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadie","family":"Bograd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul Laurence Dunbar High School, Lexington, KY USA"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul Laurence Dunbar High School, Lexington, KY, USA"}]},{"given":"Ramakanth","family":"Kavuluru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-14604582211065702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09589236.2015.1028523"},{"key":"bibr2-14604582211065702","volume-title":"Unsettling Boundaries: (Pre-)Digital Fat Activism, Fatphobia, and Enclave Ambivalence","author":"Bolden SE","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr3-14604582211065702","volume-title":"Responding to the Resistance: A Critical Discursive Analysis of Women\u2019s Engagement with Health at Every Size and Fat Acceptance Messages","author":"Cain P","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr4-14604582211065702","volume-title":"What\u2019s Fat Activism?","author":"Cooper C.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr5-14604582211065702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wsif.2012.07.005"},{"key":"bibr6-14604582211065702","volume-title":"Weighing in: Coping with Stigmatization through the Fat Acceptance Movement and Weight Loss Surgery","author":"Forthun JL","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr7-14604582211065702","volume-title":"The Fat Acceptance Movement Contesting Fatness as Illness, 1969-1998","author":"Robinson KM","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr8-14604582211065702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2004.02.001"},{"key":"bibr9-14604582211065702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21604851.2020.1723280"},{"key":"bibr10-14604582211065702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-10-9"},{"key":"bibr11-14604582211065702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02703149.2018.1524071"},{"key":"bibr12-14604582211065702","unstructured":"Rabin RC. 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