{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T13:14:41Z","timestamp":1758460481055,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005085","name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3210012222005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3210012222005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005085","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beijing Social Science Foundation Decision Project","award":["22JCC117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22JCC117"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Informatics J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold>\n            This article aims to develop the ontology framework of smart healthcare system and identify the challenges to construct the smart healthcare system. The ontology framework provides both academics and practitioners a reference to understand and transform the healthcare system.\n            <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n            The publications in the area of the smart healthcare system were extracted from WOS core collection database. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) was employed to find subjects of publications. Natural language processing (NLP) was used to extract entities from topics explored based on LDA. The developed ontology framework of the smart healthcare system was then presented in OWL format using Prot\u00e9g\u00e9 software. The challenges in transforming towards the smart healthcare system were identified based on the developed ontology framework.\n            <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n            Fourteen challenges are identified through the ontology framework developed by NLP and LDA, including poor system interoperability, data security and data sharing, low adoption of data standards and data scalability, etc. These challenges provide a reference for future healthcare workers to deal with possible risks and difficulties.\n            <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n            The ontology framework developed by NLP and LDA provides a unified description and structured knowledge in smart healthcare system, and provides valuable working methods and management basis for scholars and medical workers.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14604582251381280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T16:51:59Z","timestamp":1758214319000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The ontology framework and challenges of smart healthcare system transformation using natural language processing and latent Dirichlet allocation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Shuyan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, Peoples R China"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, Peoples R China"}]},{"given":"Beibei","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, Peoples R China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1419-7249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, Peoples R China"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-020-01475-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11030453"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2021.102717"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-13428-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30585-9_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2019.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.glohj.2019.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-020-05519-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-010-9625-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2015.09.004"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","first-page":"479","article-title":"An ontology-driven IoT based healthcare formalism","volume":"11","author":"Akhtar SM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Akhtar SM, Nazir M, Saleem KM, et al. An ontology-driven IoT based healthcare formalism. Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl. 2020; 11(2): 479\u2013486.","journal-title":"Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","first-page":"209","article-title":"Research on PSO-RBF traction transformer fault diagnosis based on adam optimization","volume":"18","author":"Shao N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shao N, Wang Y. Research on PSO-RBF traction transformer fault diagnosis based on adam optimization. J Electr Eng 2023; 18(4): 209\u2013216.","journal-title":"J Electr Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","first-page":"539","article-title":"An unsupervised approach for sentiment classification based on weighted latent Dirichlet allocation","volume":"11","author":"Hao J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hao J, Xie J, Su JQ, et al. An unsupervised approach for sentiment classification based on weighted latent Dirichlet allocation. CAAI Transactions on Intelligent Systems 2016; 11(4): 539\u2013545.","journal-title":"CAAI Transactions on Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","first-page":"S48","article-title":"Health records: then, now, and in the future","volume":"1","author":"Evans RS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Evans RS. Health records: then, now, and in the future. Yearb Med Inform 2017; 1: S48\u2013S61.","journal-title":"Yearb Med Inform"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-011-9793-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-020-01888-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-7274-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000433"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"Analyzing capacity of BIM tools to support data use across project lifecycle","volume":"9","author":"Lucas JD","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lucas JD, Bowman WTD. Analyzing capacity of BIM tools to support data use across project lifecycle. Management IT in Construction\/Management Construction for Tommorrow. 2009; 9: 11\u201319.","journal-title":"Management IT in Construction\/Management Construction for Tommorrow"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2019.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20082195"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCMA.0000000000000327"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2847030"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/22924"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-012-9895-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2021.01.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10729-019-09468-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-020-00974-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-019-1925-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.W4.184"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.105894"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_2","first-page":"38","article-title":"The role of AI in hospitals and clinics: transforming healthcare in the 21st century","volume":"11","author":"Varnosfaderani SM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Varnosfaderani SM, Forouzanfar M. The role of AI in hospitals and clinics: transforming healthcare in the 21st century. Bioengineering-Basel 2024; 11: 38.","journal-title":"Bioengineering-Basel"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-019-1445-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-019-1005-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-020-00215-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2015.2460747"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/13046"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.08.292"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12553-020-00489-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.04.067"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-011-0919-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001112"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444319675.ch15"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MITP.2013.35"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11060847"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/AJRUA6.0000952"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000814"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-60152-2_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/12465"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0824-5"}],"container-title":["Health Informatics Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14604582251381280","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/14604582251381280","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14604582251381280","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T07:13:52Z","timestamp":1758438832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/14604582251381280"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/14604582251381280"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14604582251381280","relation":{},"ISSN":["1460-4582","1741-2811"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1460-4582"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1741-2811"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"article-number":"14604582251381280"}}